Is it possible to overclock an amd atlon cpu. How to overclock an AMD Ryzen processor: getting the most out of the latest processors. How was the acceleration

If overclocking, and even - the processor, then it will start again: CPU-Z, Prime-95 and Linpak ... And these are programs that actually do not participate in the "overclocking" in any way. But, in fact, with AMD it turned out to be somewhat easier. Much easier.

The Canadian company AMD, that is, the company itself, produces one such program. She is absolutely free. From it, you can overclock an AMD processor (starting with the AM-2 socket) on any "motherboard" board, regardless of the manufacturer... Change all values, test the correctness of overclocking, view the real values ​​of the frequencies, test the performance. That is, one program (with one window of several tabs) will replace the typical "set" of utilities. But for everyone, no one forbids testing “stability” with Prime, as well as evaluating performance after overclocking with Linpak. We repeat once again - the program works freely for everyone motherboards ah (with socket from AM2 and above, and AMD chipset from 7xx). It is called - too, simply: AMD OverDrive.

Warning

Any change in the values ​​of clock frequencies that goes beyond the limits established in the documentation (as well as overestimation of the supply voltages) violates license agreement and voids the ultimate warranty. After "overclocking", any device automatically loses the warranty. You will carry out all actions at your own risk.

Now for something less sad

The program allows you to "change" almost everything that can be changed: the frequency of Hyperport, PCI-e and PCI buses, even (attention!) - memory timings. Well, voltages (and all this with constant temperature monitoring). Multi-core processor amd, you can overclock separately for each core ... In a word, having “AMD OverDrive” installed, it’s as if there’s no need to climb into the BIOS.

official requirements

Supported chipsets: AMD Hudson-D3, 990X, 990FX, 970, 890GX, 890FX, 890G, 790FX, 790GX, 790X, 785G, 780G, 770.

Is your motherboard chipset not listed? Most likely, it is really not supported (including 760G, 740G, 780V).

The program is downloaded here:

http://download.amd.com/Desktop/aod_setup_4.2.3.exe. At the time of writing the review, the version was 4.2.3 (which is discussed below).

Preparatory actions

Where should a person go before going to first grade? That's right, preparatory. Likewise here:

1. Cool-n-Quiet driver, if it was installed, leave it: this is AMD Processor Driver for Windows, let it stay.
2. Go into BIOS and force shutdown:

• Cool 'n' Quiet (in Disable);
• C1E (in Disable);
• Spread Spectrum (in Disable);
• Smart CPU Fan Control (in Disable).

When you exit the BIOS, be sure to save your changes. Download the OS.

Note: another name for C1E is Enhanced Halt State. Lead detailed guide here it is impossible, because all motherboards are different (if we don’t know what is where, we read the instruction book for setting up this BIOS).

Actually, the system is now ready to install and run "Over Drive". But first, a few more words.

Is it possible to overclock the processor in this system?

Look at the power consumption graph. It concerns just overclocking (that is, consumption - before and after this action):

This is the power consumed by the processor alone (in Watts). Immediately, a couple of questions appear: will your power supply “pull”? And the CPU cooler? AMD usually has everything boxed coolers designed to work in "regular" modes (that is, even without overclocking the cooler is almost at its limit). If you can answer yes to both questions, move on to the next step.

Note: 248 watts here falls on the 12-volt line (that is, the current through it is 20.7 amperes, while not many power supplies can "boast" a value higher than 20).

Working with Over Drive

To begin with, a brief educational program.

• The processor frequency is the frequency of the CPU core at which the processor executes instructions.
• HyperTransport frequency: frequency of the interface between the processor and north bridge. Usually - equal to the frequency of the north bridge (but - should not exceed it).
• Northbridge (NB) frequency: For processors, increasing the northbridge frequency results in a faster memory controller (and L3 cache). This frequency should not be lower than the HyperTransport frequency, although it can be made much higher.
• Memory frequency: The operating frequency (in megahertz) at which the memory operates. It must be remembered that the physical frequency is 2 times less than the “effective” one.
• Finally, the base frequency: as you can see, all frequencies are calculated from the base frequency (by multiplying or dividing it).
• CPU clock speed = CPU multiplier * base;
• Northbridge frequency (aka L3 frequency in AMD) = Northbridge multiplier * base;
• HyperTransport frequency = HyperTransport multiplier * base;
• Memory frequency = memory multiplier * base.

We launch the Over Drive program. In the first window - click immediately "OK":

Thereby, the user agreed with the responsibility (associated with the undesirable consequences of "overclocking"). The main window of the program will appear after this:

As you can see, all the frequencies installed in the computer are shown on this moment(HyperTransport frequency is in the right column, and HT ref. is sort of like “base”).

Why so many "multipliers"? Isn't it easier to overclock the computer at once with the base frequency?

The fact is that two more are connected with the “base” - these are the frequencies of the computer buses, PCI and PCI-Express. With an increase in the PCI frequency, many devices built into the board may become unstable (and this is already observed with the addition of less than 10% to the "regular" values).

This program for overclocking the amd processor allows you to monitor temperatures (everything that is possible). Go to the “Status Monitor” tab (second in a row):

Here we see the temperatures of only the processor cores (in last line). By choosing "Board Status" and "GPU status", we get a similar "screen" for the motherboard and video. The fact is that latest version- supports overclocking of the video accelerator built into the processor (and in the previous ones - only in the chipset, and also Side Port). That is, it is necessary to control the temperature of the video as well ... But we are overclocking the processor.

Go to the "Performance Control" tab (third from the top).

This is the main window for overclocking. But now the tab is in the “for beginners” mode. We go to the last ("Preference"):

Here (tab "Settings") - instead of "Novice Mode" we select, as in the figure ("Advanced Mode"). If you return to the previous tab, it will look like this:

Well, finally! You can freely change all frequencies (that is, all factors), including even the "base" frequency (indicated as "HT ref."):

Note: as you can see, the northbridge multiplier (NB) is missing. The frequency of NB, in fact, increases “automatically”, with a change in the HyperTransport frequency (it cannot be less, right?).

As you can see, the overclocking headroom for HyperTransport (hence, NB, and most importantly, L3 cache) is very small. It is also impossible to “raise” the base frequency to very large values ​​(even at 220 MHz, something can “freeze”, including: sound, network ...). So, first of all, they usually “play around” with the processor multiplier (Core Multiplier).

You can activate the changes by clicking the "Apply" button:

After that, it is better to check if overclocking has led to instability (the “Stability Test” tab). Well and, real performance- can be evaluated in the "Benchmark").

Processor overclocking technology

1. Increase the processor multiplier (let it be +1 or 2). It was 15 - now it's 17. Click on "Apply".
2. Turn on "Stability Test". If it passes, we run to the “Status Monitor” tab (we record the temperature).

If everything suits you (if the processor has warmed up no higher than up to 70-75 degrees), the frequency can be increased even more. That is, steps 1. and 2. are repeated, but only until “unwanted” temperature values ​​appear (or, “failure” of the “Stability Test”).

Thus, we overclocked the processor with only one multiplier.

Here, also - "Stability Test" after each change. The limit is when the operation of one of the devices (integrated into the system board) starts to break. The point is to reach the maximum possible CPU frequency with a low multiplier (by gradually increasing the "base").

In general, overclocking at the “base frequency” requires a certain qualification.

And last but not least (the third stage, so to speak) - you can “increase” the “HT Multiplier” multiplier as well. Which will lead to L3 cache overclocking (and even more CPU heating). After overclocking, conduct a "Stability Test". Always (when changing something, including something other than the CPU multiplier) - look at the temperatures (not only of the processor, but also of the motherboard) shown on the “Status Monitor” tab.

After "overclocking", the program itself can be closed. All settings will remain (to “lower” them, run the program again). There is no need to restart the computer (and even after rebooting, the changes will remain in effect).

Additionally

We "overclocked" only the processor. Memory is the weak link in the system. You can also overclock it, for this the “Memory” tab is used:

But this is more difficult than overclocking the CPU, since "stable" RAM overclocking is associated with the selection of timings (switching delays). Of course, you can immediately increase them by a couple of values, but then - anyway, it's better to choose carefully.

The name is lit in red - the value takes effect only after a reboot. "Memory Clock" is translated into English as "Memory Clock".

Note: for DDR-3 (and 2) class memory, the physical frequency (displayed by the program) is related to "effective" as one to two.

It may be strange, but the memory voltage is regulated in the same place as everyone else (in the “Clock/Voltage” tab). Their values ​​- increase, if in a different way - it does not work. And in general, overclocking by changing voltages is recommended “last resort”.

After overclocking the system, do not be lazy to run the "Stability Test". At very high multiplier values ​​(more than +20% to the “regular” values), it is better to watch the temperature immediately after pressing the “Apply” button (continuously, 8-10 minutes). If there is overheating, immediately change the value to "previous".

We need competent, that is, “stable” overclocking, and we do not want “shutdown on overheating”. Is not it?

Well, how much can you “overclock” a certain processor? Firstly, all "non-Black Edition" processors will not allow you to change the multiplier (Core Multiplier). This means that you can overclock the Core (core) only a little, that is, the “base” frequency. And more - in any way, in theory. But, it is this “overclocking” that increases the performance of the system “as a whole”, by a proportional number of times.

If the user still decides to configure the memory through the program, you must first go into the BIOS. To set memory timings (only, manually):

By default, they are always "Auto", so this step (at the preparatory stage) is mandatory.

Explanation: the computer takes memory timings from the SPD of the memory itself (with each new PC boot, if the value in the BIOS is “auto”). In turn, the SPD contains the values ​​"recommended" by the manufacturer. Instead of the “auto” mode, you need to set each timing value in an “explicit” form (and how to make it - well, at least the same as it was in SPD).

That is - we take, we go in, we change (instead of "Auto", it becomes "5", then "5", and so on, according to the displayed data from the SPD). SPD is translated as: “sequential prediction detector”, in general, the name does not reflect the meaning (in Russian, it would rather be “memory ROM”).

There are quite a lot of values, but changing them is real (in the BIOS given here, there are only 9, then another 5). Everything should work out...

Overclocking statistics

Let's take and consider now randomly selected results from Overclockers.ru (from statistics on overclocking the most "easy" family in this sense - Propus, aka Athlon-II X4).

Result one: 3667 MHz (282 "base" * 13.0). Cooler - BOX. The voltage boost was still used (the real value of Vcore was about 1.5 Volts). Conclusion: as you can see, the base frequency is quite amenable to overclocking. Cooler - did not need to be changed. A very “non-weak” motherboard (ASUS M4A78LT-M) was used, with a “non-weak” power system. The nominal frequency of the CPU: 200 * 13.0.

Second result: 3510 MHz (234 * 15.0). Voltage Vcore = 1.416 (that is, not too high). And this is stable overclocking (it seems that the “basic” one could not be increased more), but the board was also “not simple” - ASrock 870 Extreme3 ​​(cooler - BOX). Regular mode: 200 * 15.5.

Third result: 3510 MHz (260 * 13.5). Sometimes the "basic" one still lends itself to overclocking (on the ASUS M4A77T board). The voltage is almost “regular” (1.5 Volts), but the cooler was needed completely “not BOX” (Cooler Master Hyper 212 Plus). Regular mode: 200 * 15.0. The temperature of all Cores "to the maximum", and - in the mode of full processor load, did not exceed 50!

In the first example, the temperature is 62 Gy. C, in the second - 50.

Advanced Clock Calibration (ACC)

How to overclock an AMD processor - we examined in some detail. But, there is another function that you need to know about. An "ultra-precise" frequency selection function that is performed automatically (called ACC).

ACC is only present on boards with a 750 or higher southbridge. ACC itself can be enabled both in the program and inside the BIOS (in both cases, a reboot is needed).

Why are we talking about this here? For a 45nm Phenom II processor, it's best to disable ACC (after all, AMD claims this feature is on the processor die). Which is true for any CPU since then. process "not older". And for older processors (Phenom and Athlon 65nm), ACC must be set to Auto. From +2% to +4% increase in frequencies - guaranteed.

So, go to our "favorite" tab (Performance Control), check the value.

What can affect the "success" of overclocking?

At the very beginning, it was already said that during overclocking, the processor requires more energy. At AMD, most desktop processors fit into the 95-watt package. But this does not mean that the power (both consumed and allocated) must be at this limit.

By the way, in Lately the situation is not improving. AMD FX processors, despite the use of the 32-nm process technology, remained at about the same level (the TDP value did not decrease below 95).

For overclocking, "three" devices are important: the system CPU power supply(on the motherboard), PSU (as mentioned above), and a processor cooler.

This “set” must be “balanced”, that is, all components must fully comply with the requirements of the others. The user probably guesses that it makes no sense to install a “cool” motherboard if the power supply unit “does not pull” even half of the total power. In general, 20 Amperes is the “minimum” of the power supply, for its line 12 Volts (240 watts, but there are also large requirements). Gluttony, that is, processor power, with increasing frequencies, goes non-linearly. At the beginning of the review, we showed (how much the 965 “eats”). The load also increases with an increase in the Vcore supply voltage.

All this power must also be “dissipated” (all this is released - in the form of heat on the CPU itself). For Athlon II, a "BOX" cooler is more often enough, but one can't say that about more "powerful" processors... Here we are talking about overclocking, of course.

All these requirements are very important. However, overclocking is a lottery, its final result will depend on the processor instance. All the “strapping” will only help to unlock the potential. Don't rely too much on statistics (as well as reviews) where 45nm "stones" exceed the 4.0 GHz limit. There are different instances (the Core is chasing - but the “cache” is not chasing), the options are different, and what to overclock (and whether it is necessary) is up to the user to decide.

About overclocking results

We will not write about performance, about its growth along with "overclocking". The real speed of work - indeed, changes, and changes for the better (but - non-linearly with the frequency itself).

Let's look at a couple of cases here. That is, the consequences (at the same time - not too desirable).

The user "did not overclock" the new processor. After the warranty expired, it was "fixed", and almost immediately. Everything was done correctly (the maximum frequency was found, etc.).

The PC itself worked in this mode for 2 months. Well, then - it stopped (as it were, it broke). What is not a reason to panic?

The problem was the same - only in the connector on the board (it was heavily oxidized, as a result, 12V to the processor was not reported). That the rest is in order, it turned out after replacing the connector. However, in the "normal" mode, the computer would continue to work, nothing would have to be changed (just the connector, as luck would have it, was 4-pin).

A frequent defect can also be considered the soldering of the transistor of the board in the CPU power circuit (power transistors on the "motherboard"). If before overclocking - everything seems to work, then the user himself - conscientiously “turns on” all the tests that cause maximum “power” (and the computer takes it and “goes out” during these tests) ... A simple “installation”, after such a defect, the motherboard will not be restored. To monitor the temperature value - it turns out that it is impossible (well, there are no such sensors on the "motherboard"). S&M is considered a powerful test for "overheating", while Prime95 finds errors faster than others.

That is, in the "acceleration" - errors are possible. Outgoing from the "overclocking". The probability of which is the lower, the higher the quality of the rest of the hardware (as was considered: the motherboard, PSU, and so on). And the quality also costs more. Maybe for the same amount - get a faster processor ...

Whether it makes sense to overclock is up to the user to decide. What to overclock, and what to check - you make the choice yourself.

The information given here should be enough for "basic" overclocking. More fine-tuning of the "iron" - requires qualification.

AMD manufactures highly upgradeable processors. In fact, CPUs from this manufacturer operate at only 50-70% of their real capacity. This is done so that the processor lasts as long as possible and does not overheat during operation on devices with a poor cooling system.

There are two main ways to increase clock frequency CPU and speed up computer processing:

• With the help of special software. Recommended for inexperienced users. AMD itself is developing and supporting. In this case, you can see all the changes immediately in the interface of the software and in the speed of the system. Main disadvantage this method: There is a certain chance that the changes will not be applied.
• With the help of BIOS. Better suited for more advanced users as all the changes that are made in this environment greatly affect the operation of the PC. The standard BIOS interface on many motherboards is completely or mostly English language and everything is controlled using the keyboard. Also, the ease of use of such an interface leaves much to be desired.

Regardless of which method is chosen, it is necessary to find out whether the processor is suitable for this procedure and, if so, what is its limit.

Find out the characteristics

To view the characteristics of the CPU and its cores, there are a large number of programs. In this case, consider how to find out the "suitability" for overclocking using:

Method 1: AMD OverDrive

Method 2: SetFSB

is a universal program that is equally suitable for overclocking processors from AMD and Intel. It is distributed free of charge in some regions (for residents of the Russian Federation, after the demo period, you will have to pay $ 6) and has uncomplicated controls. However, there is no Russian language in the interface. Download and install this program and start overclocking:

Method 3: Overclocking via BIOS

If for some reason through the official, as well as through third party program, it is not possible to improve the characteristics of the processor, then you can use the classic way– overclocking using built-in BIOS functions.

This method is only suitable for more or less experienced PC users, because. the interface and management in the BIOS can be too confusing, and some mistakes made in the process can disrupt the computer. If you are confident, then do the following manipulations:

Overclocking any AMD processor is quite possible through special program and does not require any deep knowledge. If all precautions are taken, and the processor is accelerated within reasonable limits, then nothing will threaten your computer.

Before proceeding to the story of how to overclock an AMD processor, it would not hurt to say a few words in support of overclocking. The relevance of this issue lies in the fact that an increasing part of non-advanced users are interested in this issue quite actively.

As is known, and functional elements depends on the parameters of its constituent elements, as well as on their coordinated joint work. Sometimes it is not enough to buy all the components and combine them, sometimes you need to adjust certain parameters, which will allow the entire system to work smoothly. In addition, it is worth noting separately that even an optimally configured computer cannot satisfy the growing needs of users for quite a long time, so sometimes it becomes necessary to new setting or buying additional accessories. Some users act radically by buying new computer. However, all this entails significant costs, which is not always convenient.

There is also such a method as overclocking, the essence of which is to configure the operation of the nodes and elements of the computer to work in forced mode. This usually makes it possible to increase the speed of each element and significantly increase the performance of the entire system. A side effect in the form of a reduction in the period of trouble-free operation is quite acceptable.

How to overclock Duron and Athlon?

Both processors are based on the Thunderbird core and come in a PGA package. Due to the architecture, both processors require a special motherboard with chipsets that support them. Duron overclocking is also possible, which is explained by the fact that they have a sufficient margin of resource, allowing performance to be increased due to the use of frequency increase processor bus. Usually it can be increased by about 10-15%. However, the maximum frequency depends not only on the processor itself and the bus, but also on the motherboard. It should be noted that these processors have a fixed frequency multiplier that links the internal frequency with the external one. Forcing the work of the processor becomes possible only by increasing the frequency of the bus. If we talk about how to overclock an AMD processor, then it is worth noting that for processors the maximum allowable voltage increase is no more than 5-10% relative to the one set by the manufacturer. standard level. The value of the frequency multiplier, which connects the external with the internal, as well as the supply voltage, set the corresponding contacts. Some motherboard models allow you to use these pins to change the values ​​of processor frequency multipliers.

How to overclock an AMD processor?

For overclocking, you can use special utility AMD OverDriver, designed for motherboards based on the AMD 700 chipset. After you install the utility and open it, a tab will appear containing a general system information. In the Diagram tab, you can see information about the chipset. In the Preference and Settings tab, you must switch the utility to Advanced Mode. This is the only way you can start overclocking. You need to check the box next to Select All Cores, located in Clock / Voltage. Now it is worth increasing the CPU multiplier in small portions.

It is important to note that in addition to this utility, there are still a huge number of programs offering similar services. And with the help of this you can overclock others. It should be understood that a computer is a complex mechanism that must be handled with the utmost care, therefore, if you are afraid for the consequences of your actions, then it is better not to do anything at all.

In this article, the Athlon XP 2500+ processor based on the Barton core (release: 10 week 2004) will be investigated for overclocking.

Configuration test bench(open type):

• Motherboard Abit NF7 rev.2.0 (BIOS 2.4)
• Cooler Thermaltake Volcano 7 (A1124)
• Thermal interface KPT-8
• RAM 512 MB (2 x Kingston KHX3500/256) (2-3-3-7-1)
• Video card nVidia GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 128 MB (475 / 906 MHz)
• Hard drive IBM IC35L040AVER07 40 GB
• Power Master PM-350W (350 W) power supply

The testing methodology is described in detail in this article.

The first instance showed stable operation at a system bus frequency of 210 MHz and a supply voltage of 1.85 V. At FSB 215 MHz, this processor did not work stably, regardless of the supply voltage, at best, the computer freezes after 15 minutes of Prime95 operation, and at worst - and didn't load at all.

The second instance worked steadily at a frequency of 215 MHz, but at a supply voltage of 1.95 V, and, as a result, it heated up quite strongly at maximum load. With a higher bus frequency, the computer simply did not start. By the way, after testing all 3 instances, I returned to this, in order to make sure that it really heats up more than the others, and that it will not start as a 3200+ with a supply voltage of 1.5 V. Repeated testing confirmed that I didn’t mess up anything, that the temperature of this processor is slightly higher than that of the other two, and also that with a bus frequency of 200 MHz, this instance works correctly only with a Vcore of 1.7 V.

The third processor worked stably only at a bus frequency of 205 MHz and a supply voltage of 1.9 V. At FSB 210 MHz and Vcore 1.9 V, the Prime95 window closed itself after about 15 minutes, increasing the voltage had no positive effect.

In this review, I decided to put on, which of the two options for graphs is more visual? Personally, I think that the second, in which the X-axis is the frequency.

1.

2.

When writing this article, processors from the F-Center store on Suhonskaya Street were used. The current price for the processor is $78.23. store price list.

We invite shops and firms in Moscow to cooperate, which are ready to provide commercially available processors for tests.

You can comment on the results in a specially created .

The word "overclocking" has firmly entered the lexicon of PC owners, and in computer magazines and articles on the Internet it is quite common. However, many users have no idea how to overclock the processor, or experience difficulties in this when changing platforms from Athlon XP or Pentium 4/Celeron to Athlon 64. New motherboards have their own characteristics that affect overclocking, due to which is why attempts to force the processor to work in forced mode are sometimes unsuccessful. In this article, we will give a number of recommendations for overclocking the AMD64 platform, which will be useful to "novice enthusiasts".

First of all, let's take a look at how Athlon 64 fundamentally differs from Athlon XP or Pentium 4/Celeron in terms of overclocking: this processor is connected to the northbridge on the motherboard by a special HyperTransport bus that operates at 800/1000 MHz, and if earlier the frequency processor frequency was the product of the bus frequency and the CPU ratio, now this indicator is determined by multiplying the CPU ratio by the frequency of the motherboard master oscillator. By default, the generator outputs 200 MHz, while the frequency of the HyperTransport bus, like that of the processor, is regulated by the corresponding multiplier. Nevertheless, some motherboard manufacturers continue to call the oscillator frequency selection point bus frequency selection, which is not entirely correct.

Now let's move on to the overclocking features. First, the PCI and AGP bus frequencies are also tied to the generator frequency by default. Therefore, if you do not explicitly set them in the corresponding BIOS items, then they will grow during overclocking. The video card, controller operating on these buses hard drives, LAN card and other devices do not tolerate high frequencies and may fail. Unfortunately for owners of motherboards based on VIA K8T800, this chipset cannot fix PCI/AGP bus frequencies during overclocking. Owners of motherboards based on nForce3/4 can change these frequencies manually in the BIOS.

Another feature of Athlon 64 overclocking is the way to set the memory bus frequency. If the owners of motherboards based on nForce2 could set this parameter hard regardless of the processor bus frequency, now it is also tied to the generator frequency. Therefore, the item in BIOS Setup, called Memory Frequency - DDR400, actually means that the memory bus frequency coincides with the frequency of the master oscillator and will also increase during overclocking. The remaining memory modes - DDR333, 266, 200 - are implemented using divisors, which are approximately 1.22; 1.55 and 2. Let's explain this with an example: by setting the oscillator frequency to 244 MHz in the BIOS and setting the memory type to DDR333, we get a frequency of 244: 1.22 = 200 MHz (DDR400).

For overclocking it is useful to reduce the multiplier for the HyperTransport bus to three, since its frequency also increases and becomes an additional cause of instability. For those who are concerned about the question “Will lowering the HyperTransport frequency affect system performance?”, We can reassure - bandwidth this tire is enough with a head even in this version.

Let's now consider the overclocking of the Athlon 64 processor in practice. The motherboard was used as a test stand. ASUS board A8N-E based on nForce4 Ultra chipset, processor AMD Athlon 64 3000+ with a real frequency of 1800 MHz on the Venice core, two Transcend DDR400 memory modules (timings 2.5-3-3-8), NVIDIA graphics card GeForce 6600 overclocked to 430/630 MHz.

So, in the BIOS, go to the second tab, called Advanced, and then to the CPU Configuration item. Here we lower the HyperTransport bus multiplier by changing the HyperTransport Frequency from Auto to 3X. Next, go to the DRAM Configuration sub-item and change the Timing Mode value from Auto to Manual. After that, the Memclock index value item becomes available. We install DDR266 instead of DDR400 in it, so that the memory does not turn out to be a limiting factor during overclocking, which will allow us to reach the generator frequency of at least 300 MHz.

We return to the most top level and go to JumperFree Configuration. By default, the oscillator frequency settings are not available, but after setting the Overclock Profile to Manual, the CPU Frequency item appears. The processor frequency that can be achieved during overclocking depends largely on the user's luck - it is different for each instance. In this case, in the preliminary tests, the processor started up with an oscillator frequency of 285 MHz instead of the standard 200 MHz. In general, the frequency should be increased in increments of 20 MHz, raising it until the system passes stability tests. After that, it makes sense to reduce the step to 1 MHz and more accurately select the maximum operating frequency. In addition, to increase stability, you can increase the voltage on the processor in the CPU Voltage item to 1.55 V. Also, here you should set the maximum CPU Multiplier value instead of Auto (in our example, this is x9) and change the PCI Clock Synchronization Mode item from Auto to 33, 33 MHz (never set To CPU). Since this board does not have an AGP port, nothing else needs to be changed. Otherwise, we would have to fix 66 MHz in the AGP Clock item. On some motherboards However, due to errors in the BIOS, during overclocking, the AGP and PCI frequencies may increase even if the standard bus frequencies are manually selected. This can be easily avoided by setting the frequencies for them to 67 and 34 MHz, respectively. It is also not uncommon for the points for AGP/PCI frequencies to be combined into one, but the frequencies, despite this, are fixed for both buses. The name and location of the above BIOS items on other motherboards may vary, but, nevertheless, the principle remains the same, and it will not be difficult to find the settings you need for overclocking.

As a result, the actual processor frequency increased from the nominal 1800 MHz to 2565 MHz, i.e. increased by 42.5%. Growth rates in common applications are presented in the diagrams and depend on the specific task.