It is responsible for temporary storage of data and processes (executed commands) of both the operating system (OS) itself and installed programs that are currently running. Accordingly, the larger its volume and data transfer speed, the higher the PC performance. Therefore it is one of the main elements computer architecture. This laptop component is available in a wide range, which makes it much more difficult to choose the best option.
RAM. Its design and types
Before you run to the store, you should understand what RAM is, how it works and what types there are. This is especially important for beginners who are not very well versed in computer hardware.
Random access memory (the correct name for RAM) is an intermediate (linking) element between the central processing unit (CPU), which processes all incoming information and data, and the SSD disk on which they are stored. It is designed to store data coming from hard drive for processing by the processor. This information transfer scheme increases the performance of the laptop several times in comparison if this stream were sent to the CPU directly from, since it works much faster than HDD.
Design
The RAM design is implemented in the form of a set of chips or modules, which consist of the same chips assembled on a separate strip (board) into a single unit. The internal structure is presented in the form of individual cells (cells) for storing a certain amount of information, usually up to 4 bits. It requires a constant power supply, because after turning off the power (turning off the PC), all data is deleted.
Advice. A lack of RAM can reduce the performance of a laptop; it begins to slow down. Excess will not have any positive effect on the speed of work, which leads to unnecessary expenditure of money.
Types of RAM. DDR2 and DDR3 parameters
With the development of technology and the introduction of innovative solutions into production, RAM has “evolved” from DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module, from English - double-sided memory module), which are already obsolete and discontinued, to DDR (Double Data Rate, from English . – double data transfer rate). They, in turn, are divided into several types:
Depending on its performance, certain types of RAM may be equipped with cooling radiators to prevent overheating.
Advice. On this moment DDR3 RAM is still relevant, especially for laptops released before 2015 whose motherboards may not support DDR4 RAM.
One of the key points in choosing RAM is the ability to support the type of laptop RAM. The next criterion is the operating mode of the PC. Depending on this, the memory module is selected as follows:
- Office work. For this operating option, RAM with a capacity of up to 2 GB and a frequency of 1333 – 1600 MHz, DDR3 memory type, will be sufficient.
- Multimedia mode. To watch movies or games online on the Internet, you need a minimum amount of memory of 4 GB and with a frequency based on technical capabilities motherboard and processor 2133 – 2400 (DDR4) or 1600 – 1866 (DDR3).
- Professional or gaming. For stable operation of modern programs and games, a laptop must have high technical specifications. The volume must be at least 8 GB (two 4 GB sticks are possible) with a minimum frequency of 1866 MHz, the optimal option is 2133 - 2400 MHz.
- Powerful professional. This operation option should not be limited by budget since you will have to work with powerful programs for three-dimensional design with professional processing of video, audio, high quality photos, etc. In this regard, it is necessary to choose DDR4 type RAM with the maximum data transfer frequency and minimum volume of 16 GB.
Attention! 32-bit operating systems are not supported RAM, the volume of which exceeds 3 GB. Installing more RAM is accompanied by a transition to a 64-bit OS.
The right RAM can increase the performance of your laptop. In addition, the optimal combination of technical parameters of the motherboard and processor with RAM will save you from unnecessary expenses.
How to choose RAM for a laptop: video
What is random access memory (RAM)? Before moving on to the answers to this question, it is important to note that this element of any computer and laptop significantly affects its power and performance. Therefore, you need to know how to choose RAM for your computer.
Modern society uses PCs in almost all areas of life, be it work, education or entertainment. That is why its high-quality modernization (improvement) is a very important point. Modern programs require more power and speed from a computer, which means that equipment with outdated components simply cannot fully fulfill its main purpose. RAM plays a big role in functionality, which is why many experts recommend upgrading it first.
What is RAM needed for?
Another name for OP is RAM. This abbreviation stands for “random access memory” (in English - RAM). It is intended for temporary storage of information.
For normal functioning software you just need to choose enough RAM. OP is, first of all, temporary (random access) memory. The user does not participate in its use. Files are saved by the system for some time in order to ensure the normal operation of a particular program.
What is the structure of the OP?
To give a more visual example, we can say that the OP is similar to a honeycomb. Each cell is equipped with a certain amount of capacity (1-5 bits) and a personal address. It is actually a capacitor, ready at any second to fulfill its “job duties”, namely, to record an electrical discharge. The data stored (temporarily) in this way is understandable to the computer.
OP types and form factors
Before deciding which RAM to choose for a computer or laptop, you need to familiarize yourself with its types and form factors. So, there are 3 types of OP:
- DIMM. Most commonly used in PCs.
- SO-DIMM. Most often this type of RAM can be found in laptops and monoblocks. Differs from the previous type in a more compact size.
- FB-DIMM. Equipped with enhanced buffering support and high quality work. Should be selected as RAM for servers.
It is important to consider that the OP must be compatible with motherboard. How to choose RAM for a computer: should you prefer ddr3 or ddr4? At the moment, there are 4 types of OP, classified by compatibility with the motherboard:
- DDR is outdated and almost out of production.
- DDR2 - like the previous version, is outdated.
- DDR3 is currently the most popular among consumers.
- DDR4 is new in the world computer equipment. For the latest processor models, this type should be selected.
What RAM do you have installed?
How can you find out this information if the computer was “delivered, brought in, installed” and you have never encountered its configuration before? One way is to install a program called AIDA64. It will provide information about the type of OP and the number of modules in it. By opening the program and clicking on the Motherboard tab, then SPD, you will find out all the necessary information. You can download the AIDA64 program here.
You can see information about the type and capacity of RAM right on the board. To do this, you will need to remove the RAM stick from the connector and examine the data on the sticker. After familiarizing yourself with them, you will be able to select a compatible and suitable OP for your PC or laptop in accordance with the one originally installed.
How to find out the appropriate RAM frequency for a PC?
When answering the question of how to choose the right RAM for a laptop or computer, you need to take into account the frequency of the motherboard and processor. Here are some important points:
- It is not recommended to purchase a frequency less than 1600 MHz, of course, unless you have a very old PC. They are designed for computers with low endurance and performance, and are obsolete.
- The most current option is 1600 MHz. This module frequency is relevant for many modern computers and laptops.
- 2133 – 2400 MHz. This is the most expensive module of all listed. It is worth noting that this level is relevant only for programmers and professionals in the field of video processing. For simple user the difference between 1600 MHz and 2400 MHz will not be noticeable.
Volume of OP: which one to choose?
To choose RAM based on this indicator, you must be guided by the purpose of the PC.
- 2 GB. This is the minimum amount of RAM. If you decide to choose a module with this amount of memory in order to save money, then keep in mind that a computer with 2 GB of RAM simply will not function normally. Of course, if you do not use your computer only to browse websites.
- 4 GB. It is better to choose this option for using the computer to watch movies, listen to audio recordings, and light games.
- 8 GB is the recommended option. Such RAM will cope perfectly with all programs and modern games.
- 16 GB is worth choosing for people who use a computer to earn money. Freelancers involved in the development and creation of websites and their designs, programmers, video editors, YouTubers organizing streams - the cost of purchasing 16 GB of memory will be completely justified.
- 32 GB is more of a concern for the future, since at the moment there is no software that needs such an amount of RAM.
How to choose RAM depending on the OS
This is a very important point. Even if you are ready to choose the best RAM, you need to consider the features and capabilities of the system installed on your computer. For example, it is worth paying attention to the fact that 32-bit versions of the Windows system support a maximum RAM size of 3 GB. Even if you decide to choose RAM containing 4 GB, the system will only use three.
64-bit is optimal for all types of RAM. Windows system. But it is worth remembering that an outdated computer simply will not find suitable drivers for systems of this category. Therefore, before choosing RAM, make sure that you have a 64-bit system installed and that all applications are functioning correctly. It would also be a good idea to visit the website of the motherboard manufacturer and get acquainted with information about its capabilities and the maximum memory size it supports.
What is channeling?
Many users have never heard the term “channel” in all their time working with a PC. But experienced computer scientists, on the contrary, strive to make the work of their OP two-channel, three-channel, four-channel. What does this mean? Let's take dual-channel mode as an example. The principle of its operation is based on the use of 2 OP slots at once, combined into one memory bank.
When installing the 2nd channel, experts strongly recommend observing the following rules:
- modules must contain the same frequency;
- the volume of OP should also be equal;
- 2 strips - one manufacturer.
The benefits of omnichannel
The main and main advantage is increased performance of the entire system. However, the main question remains about the need for such changes and the real visibility of improvements. It is worth noting that, as in the case of a 16 GB RAM volume, only representatives of specific professions (programmers, software designers) will notice changes towards improvement. computer graphics and so on.). For regular user, using full list habitual actions (including spending time playing “heavy” games), the performance of the 2nd slot will be almost imperceptible.
So, we have given a detailed answer to the question of how to choose RAM for a PC. So before you choose a particular OS, carefully study the capabilities of your computer and your own requirements for your PC.
Have a great day!
Random Access Memory (RAM) is one of the main parts of a computer. This is a volatile component that stores machine code, incoming/outgoing and intermediate data while the computer is running. The process of choosing RAM seems clear at first glance, but it contains many nuances that need to be taken into account in order to purchase quality components.
The easiest way to choose a RAM stick is to use the list of recommended modules on the website of the manufacturer of the motherboard installed on the computer. Since these parts of the PC are inextricably linked with each other (including the processor), it makes sense to pay attention to the manufacturer’s advice. The recommended RAM modules listed on his website will definitely work on your PC.
Another tip to follow when purchasing RAM sticks is matching with other hardware. When buying an inexpensive motherboard and a budget processor, do not choose expensive RAM, because it will not reveal its potential during operation. But it is very important to pay attention to the technical characteristics of RAM.
Main settings
When purchasing new RAM, pay attention to the main parameters that will help you make right choice.
First, determine what type of RAM is suitable for your motherboard. This parameter is indicated in its description. Today there are four types: SDRAM, DDR (DDR1), DDR2, DDR3 and DDR4.
The most common type of RAM today is DDR3. Unlike previous generation modules, it works with clock frequency up to 2400 MHz and consumes 30-40% less electricity compared to its predecessor. In addition, it has a lower supply voltage, so it generates less heat.
All types of RAM are incompatible with each other in terms of electrical (supply voltage differs) and physical parameters (control holes are located in different places). The photo shows why a DDR3 RAM module cannot be installed in the DDR2 socket.
Healthy! Now the DDR4 standard is gaining popularity. It features lower power consumption and higher operating frequencies (prospect for growth up to 3200 MHz).
The form factor characterizes the size of the RAM sticks. There are two types:
- DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) – installed on desktop PCs;
- SO-DIMM – for installation in laptops or monoblocks.
Bus frequency and bandwidth
The performance of RAM depends on these two parameters. The bus frequency characterizes the amount of information transmitted per unit of time. The higher it is, the more information will pass through the bus in the same time period. There is a directly proportional relationship between bus frequency and bandwidth: if the RAM frequency is 1800 MHz, theoretically it has throughput 14400 Mb/sec.
Do not chase high RAM frequencies on the basis of “the more, the better.” For the average user, the difference between 1333 MHz or 1600 MHz is invisible. It is important only for professional users who are engaged in video rendering, or for overclockers trying to “overclock” the RAM.
When choosing a frequency, take into account the tasks you set for the computer and its configuration. It is desirable that the operating frequency of the RAM modules coincide with the frequency at which it operates motherboard. If you connect a DDR3-1800 stick to a motherboard that supports the DDR3-1333 standard, the RAM will run at 1333 MHz.
In this case, the more, the better - this is the optimal description of the parameter. Today, the minimum allowable amount of RAM that should be installed on a computer or laptop is 4 GB. Depending on the tasks performed on the device, the amount of RAM can be 8, 32 or even 128 GB. For an ordinary user, 8 GB will be enough; for a specialist working with video processing programs, or for a gamer, 16-64 GB of RAM will be needed.
RAM timings are characterized by delays in operation. They are calculated in nanoseconds, and in the description they are indicated by a sequential set of numbers: 9-9-9-27, where the first three parameters are: CAS Latency, RAS to CAS Delay, RAS Precharge Time and DRAM Cycle Time Tras/Trc. They characterize the performance in the “memory-processor” segment, which directly affects the efficiency of the computer. The lower these values, the lower the delay and the faster the PC will perform.
Some companies indicate only one number in the description of RAM modules - CL9. It characterizes CAS Latency. Basically it is equal to or lower than other parameters.
Good to know! The higher the RAM frequency, the higher the timings, so you need to choose the optimal ratio for yourself.
RAM sticks are sold with the designation “Low Latency”. This means that at high frequencies they have low timings. But their cost is higher than that of conventional models.
Modes
To increase computer performance, special operating modes of RAM strips are used: one-, two-, three-channel and Flex-Mode. In this case, the speed of the system theoretically increases two, three or more times.
Important! The motherboard must support these operating modes. The description for it indicates which slots you need to install the brackets in to enable the desired mode.
- Single channel mode starts when one RAM module is used or all the sticks have different parameters. In this case, the system operates at bar speed with the lowest frequency.
- Dual channel mode turns on when two RAM modules with the same characteristics (frequency, timings, volume) are installed in the connectors. The performance increase is 10-20% in games and 20-70% when working with graphics.
- Three channel mode activated when three identical RAM sticks are connected. In reality, it does not always outperform dual-channel mode.
- Flex-Mode (flexible)– increases PC performance when using two RAM sticks of the same frequency, but different in volume.
Important! It is advisable that the memory sticks be from the same delivery batch. There are kits on sale consisting of two to four modules that are completely compatible with each other in operation.
When buying digital equipment, pay attention to the manufacturer. Among the companies producing RAM modules, the most popular are: Corsair, Kingston, GoodRam, Hynix, Samsung and others.
It is interesting that the market for the production of memory chips for RAM modules is almost completely divided between three large companies: Samsung, Hynix, Micron. A large manufacturers use their chips to produce their own models.
Modern RAM sticks operate at low power consumption, so they generate little heat. In view of this, there is no need to buy models with installed radiators. But if you are a fan of overclocking hardware, then take care of purchasing RAM modules with heatsinks. They will prevent them from burning out during overclocking.
If necessary, the user can purchase a cooling system for RAM, consisting of radiators and fans. It is also intended for use by overclockers.
Selecting an existing plank
When purchasing a new RAM module to add to one already installed in your PC, remember that often such combinations do not work together. But if you decide to buy, make sure that the timings and bus frequencies are the same. In addition, choose RAM sticks from the same manufacturer.
Video
If you don't fully understand how to choose RAM, watch this video.
Usually, when buying a PC or assembling one, the question of how to choose RAM arises last. Of course, this does not mean that RAM modules are an unimportant component of the system. Rather, this is due to the fact that if there is a lack of memory, you can buy or replace the device.
What it is?
To understand how to choose the right one, you need to understand what it is. It must be said right away that RAM has nothing in common with a hard drive. The hard drive stores the user's personal data, but the RAM is a temporary archive.
This is a temporary place where the data necessary for the operation of the system and programs goes. If the computer does not have enough RAM, it begins to slow down, delete information about previously launched utilities and fill it with new data.
A memory module is called a strip, which is represented by a rectangular textolite with chips.
Choice
How to choose RAM for a computer? If you understand other components of the system, then you can quickly cope with RAM. It will be more difficult for those who understand little about the operation of a computer and the capabilities of its components.
To understand how to choose the right RAM for a computer, you need to consider its main characteristics, and then decide for what purpose the PC is used.
What you will need to pay attention to when choosing:
- How much memory is needed?
- What types are there?
- Main characteristics of RAM.
- Marking.
- Design.
- Manufacturers.
These are the main points, knowing which you can easily decide on the choice of RAM.
Purpose
How to choose RAM for a PC? First, think about what tasks the system will perform. Now the market for computers and components is divided into gaming systems and work systems. Of course, some also highlight multimedia, office, educational and other options. But it just so happens that buyers are divided into two categories: gamers and ordinary users.
Based on this, it is worth understanding how to choose RAM. This also affects the amount of RAM. For example, if you are assembling a gaming system, then you must definitely choose DDR4 with a capacity of 8 GB or more. It is better to choose a frequency from 2.4 GHz.
If we are talking about an office PC, then 4 GB will be enough to work on the Internet and with programs. At the same time, many reviews also recommend opting for DDR4. If you have the opportunity and finances, then it is better to stock up on two 8 GB sticks at once. This is enough for resource-intensive programs and game projects.
Memory type
How to choose RAM? DDR4 or DDR3? Almost all modern modules are of the DDR SDRAM type. Previously, there were options with DDR and DDR2. They are almost impossible to find on sale, but they are still connected to outdated systems.
The next type was DDR3. He hasn't completely outlived his usefulness yet. Some computers work with it, and modules of such RAM can be found on sale. But when assembling a new PC, it is highly not recommended to use DDR3, since such memory works with low frequencies, and reviews about it are not so positive.
This is why most users buy DDR4 sticks. This is a relatively new type of memory that is the best on the market. It has a wide range of frequencies and volume variations. But its cost is much higher than DDR3.
While the appearance of DDR5 is only expected in 2020, the cost of the strips will not be reduced. The version of one 8 GB module will cost the user 5-6 thousand rubles.
How to choose RAM? It is very important to immediately look at the capabilities of the motherboard, especially if you are not assembling a PC, but buying RAM for a ready-made system. In this case, you may encounter incompatibility and poor performance of the RAM.
RAM parameters
Not everyone may know how to choose RAM for a computer. When opening the specification of a RAM module, many beginners clutch their heads. The tables contain incomprehensible numbers and letters. Some parameters can be understood, others remain a mystery to many.
To avoid problems when choosing a RAM, you need to understand the purpose. Frequency is considered one of the important parameters. Some people also pay attention to timings. To choose the right power supply, you need to know the RAM voltage.
Frequency
Which RAM frequency should I choose? Here again, everything depends on what tasks the computer will perform. In general, this parameter often affects the buyer. Some who have a large amount of money choose the fastest rate. But this cannot be done. First, it’s worth understanding what capabilities the processor and motherboard support. Otherwise, you will simply overpay for extra numbers that cannot be implemented in the system.
If the motherboard is a budget class one, then most likely it does not support frequencies above 2.4 GHz. But most modern models work perfectly with DDR4 memory type. If you paid more than 10 thousand rubles for your motherboard, you can count on it to work with RAM at a frequency of 3.4-3.6 GHz.
The situation is similar with the processor. If it is an older generation chip, then it only works with DDR3 and a maximum speed of 1.8 GHz. The latest processor models can handle DDR4 and frequencies above 2.4 GHz.
In order not to be mistaken in how to choose RAM, you can go to the official website of the CPU manufacturer and check all the necessary information. There are also many sites on the Internet that make it possible to check the compatibility of all system components.
Timing
Another indicator that may be important for the user. It indicates what delays occur between operations of reading, writing or copying information. It’s easy to guess that if the timings are small, then delays in work are minimized.
How to understand what the value of this parameter is? You need to look either at the bar itself or at the specifications for it. The most important is the first numerical value, which indicates latency (CL).
If you have a DDR3 module in your hands that operates at 1.3 GHz, the timing is more likely to be 9. If the RAM speed is higher, then the latency may show the figure 11.
In the case of DDR4, the CL indicator can be 15-16, depending on the frequency. It is best not to purchase RAM whose timing is higher than the specified values. But it is worth understanding that the shorter the delay in work, the more such a bar will cost.
Voltage
Another RAM parameter. On average, this indicator is regulated. If there are any deviations in the voltage value, then the bar is intended for enthusiasts who prefer overclocking all components.
The same parameter greatly influences the question of how to choose an operational one. It is important to look at what the voltage was before and purchase modules with a similar indicator. This is due to the fact that laptop motherboards are less flexible. They rarely allow you to exhibit different meanings and configure the system. Therefore, it is important to ensure exact compliance.
With the development of RAM, the voltage indicator decreased. For example, the DDR module worked at 2.5 V, and DDR4 easily copes at 1.2 V.
Marking
It is needed in order to understand from one name what parameters the memory module has. The marking contains information about the type and frequency of RAM. The latest memory models are described with the letters “PC”. Next comes a number indicating the generation of the model. Afterwards the speed is described in Mb/s. Next, brackets open, which contain information about the type and frequency of RAM. The timing value is written at the end.
Design
RAM modules may differ in design. They can be one- or two-sided. They may have radiators. The textolite can be covered with a protective casing. The shape of the bar may also vary, especially when it comes to PC and laptop versions.
Laptop models
How to choose The choice itself is nothing special. The only difference is in some markings and parameters. Laptop brackets differ in their size and SO-DIMM DDR type.
Otherwise, the choice also depends on a number of factors: the required volume, frequency, timings, etc. The only thing you need to remember is that laptops have 1 or 2 slots for the module. While for a PC you can install up to 6 brackets. Users in their reviews recommend taking this into account and not choosing too little memory.
Manufacturers
According to reviews, the manufacturer rarely plays an important role. The most common question you hear is which RAM to choose for Ryzen? And it really is much more important than the choice of manufacturer. After all, with Ryzen processors it became possible to support DDR4, and it would be a sin not to take advantage of this. Therefore, for this CPU you definitely need to choose the latest type of RAM. But its volume and frequency depend on the purpose of the system and the capabilities of the processor.
Returning to the manufacturers, it is worth noting a couple that have really established themselves as creators of high-quality and stable products. Corsair is a very popular brand that produces more than just RAM modules. It has been on the market for a very long time. The only thing is that the cost of its slats does not always please buyers, although reviews of the quality are positive.
A good example of the price/quality ratio is Crucial. Both budget modules and gaming options are produced under this brand. The Poles from Goodram have a good line. It is also worth paying attention to the experienced ones in this field: Transcend, Samsung and Kingston.
Conclusion
As mentioned above, the choice of RAM largely depends on the tasks you assign to the system. But besides this, it is very important not to forget about increasing the potential of the computer. Many users advise thinking in advance about whether you will increase RAM.
There are situations when at the moment there is not enough money, for example, to buy 16 GB. In this case, you can purchase one 8 GB stick, and over time, purchase the same one for another 8 GB. Of course, it is more profitable to purchase a set of a pair at once, but, unfortunately, this option is not always affordable.
A lot of readers on our site are interested in questions one way or another related to the choice of RAM, and our site has a very strong desire to answer everyone. To make it interesting for you in the process of gaining knowledge, this article is presented by the author in the form of a fascinating story from which you will learn EVERYTHING about computer RAM!
You will learn not only how to choose and buy RAM from a quality manufacturer, but also how to correctly install RAM modules in your computer and much more, for example:
- How much RAM does a modern computer need for comfortable operation of all resource-intensive applications, for example: modern games at maximum settings, video and sound processing programs, etc. How powerful should it be? modern computer?
- (follow the link and read a separate article).
- (follow the link and read a separate article)?
- What way out does the operating system find when there is not enough RAM?
- Is having too much RAM good for your computer?
- Do you need to completely disable the paging file if you have large volume physical RAM, for example 16 -32 GB?
- How much better is dual-channel RAM operating mode than single-channel? What is better to buy, one 8GB memory stick or two 4GB sticks?
- How to choose the right RAM modules for dual-channel operation?
- What is the frequency of RAM and is it possible to install RAM sticks with different frequencies in a computer?
- What is RAM latency (timings)? Is it possible to install RAM sticks with different timings in a computer?
- What is the difference between the RAM sticks used on laptops and regular RAM?
- Nowadays DDR3 memory is actively used, but are there DDR4 memory sticks on sale?
- If you have old computer and you want to buy additional DDR2 RAM, then think several times, because DDR2 memory is expensive, maybe it’s better for you to replace the motherboard, processor and change the RAM to DDR3.
- How to choose a RAM manufacturer and is all RAM made in China?
- Is overclocking of RAM necessary and how much will RAM performance increase during overclocking?
- Is a heatsink really necessary for RAM?
- What is a RAM controller, why is it needed and where is it located?
- What does ECC RAM marking mean?
How to choose RAM
Friends, in the last article we discussed the issue of choice and I was thinking about what article to write next. It seems logical to choose a motherboard for it after the processor, but I usually do it differently. After choosing the processor, I choose the memory and video card, I don’t know why, it’s probably just easier and you can immediately estimate how much to expect, since choosing a motherboard is the most difficult part of choosing a computer configuration. In view of this, I decided not to deviate from my chosen tradition and devote this article to the choice of random access memory (RAM). Since this site is dedicated to the repair of personal computers, of course the issue of choosing RAM will be considered not only for new, but also for older PCs.
Like choosing a processor, choosing RAM is not a difficult task at all. probably even easier. But, as with everything, there are some nuances. Often the choice of RAM comes down to its current price and the amount you are willing to spend. IN Lately Price trends for RAM modules are very ambiguous. Several years ago there was a real boom in increasing the amount of RAM in personal computers. And this was not so much due to the growing requirements of modern applications and operating systems, how much with an incredible reduction in price for it.
A 4 gigabyte (GB) memory stick could be purchased for only $25 or even cheaper. As a result, solely for marketing purposes (to make computers more attractive and increase sales), this same memory began to be “stuffed” into new computers in huge volumes. Yes, the cheapest system unit, costing about $200-250, necessarily had 4 GB of memory, and the average one for $300-350 had all 8 GB. Salespeople in stores placed great emphasis on this, while keeping silent about the fact that this amount of memory would never be realized (fully used) by these PCs, since the rest of the “stuffing,” such as the processor and video card, left much to be desired. This, in essence, was a kind of deception of buyers or, to put it nicely, a marketing ploy...
Unfortunately, gone are the days when you could stock up on RAM for free without even playing around, and now the price for it has increased significantly. It seems that we have again been hooked on the needle of technological progress... But is a large amount of RAM really needed?
How much RAM does a modern computer need?
I must say that until recently, I was fond of modern computer games. Therefore, I always tried to keep my PC up to date. Probably, since I built my first full-fledged PC in 1997, not a single year has passed that I haven’t treated myself to purchasing a new video card, processor or memory.
In those old (by computer standards) days, there was a certain division in how computers used operating system components. Games only needed a powerful video card, some RAM, and the processor almost didn’t matter, since all the calculations were performed by the video card, which has both its own processor and its own memory.
To encode video, on the contrary, it was necessary powerful processor and enough RAM, but the video card didn’t matter, etc. Modern gaming applications have “learned” to make full use of the previously “idle” powerful components of modern computers, such as the processor and RAM.
If we talk about using a PC as a gaming and entertainment platform, then, until recently, I had not come across games that could load at least 3 GB of memory 100% even at maximum graphics settings. But in some cases total load memory was approaching this figure, despite the fact that the game itself consumed about 2 GB, and the rest was consumed by other applications, such as Skype, antivirus, etc.
Note: Please note that we were not talking about 4 GB, but about 3. The fact is that 32-bit Windows operating systems (OS) do not know how to use more than 3 GB of RAM and therefore the “excess” is simply “not seen”... In fairness, it is worth noting that for 32-bit OS built on Linux kernel, there are no such strict restrictions. So, friends, there is no point in installing more than 4 GB of memory on a 32-bit Windows; they simply will not be used.
For not very new, but also relatively old systems, on which you can put a lot of memory, using a 64-bit OS, in some cases, can be problematic. Since 64-bit versions of drivers for some equipment may simply not exist.
Not so long ago, just at the moment of total reduction in the price of memory, I purchased the same amount in addition to my 4 GB. But this was not caused by its shortcoming, but by the fact that on my fairly powerful motherboard, due to some misunderstanding) there were slots for almost outdated DDR2 memory and I was afraid that a little more and it might completely disappear or wildly increase in price, and here is such a “freebie”... After that, I switched to a 64-bit operating system, since otherwise this purchase would not have looked so reasonable). You also need to take into account that I have a fairly powerful 4 nuclear processor and an expensive modern video card, thanks to which I can play games at very high graphics settings, at which RAM consumption is maximum.
If you have an entry-level or mid-level PC, then 4 GB of RAM will be enough for you, since you can comfortably play modern games only at low or medium settings, which do not require large amounts of memory. In such conditions, installing, say, 8 GB of RAM is wasted money. But if your PC is powerful enough and is a gaming PC, then I would still recommend installing 8 GB, since there is a tendency towards a gradual increase in RAM consumption by modern games.
For example, the recently released Call game of Duty: Ghosts simply refused to launch if it detected that you had less than 6 GB of RAM installed. Again, in fairness, it should be noted that folk craftsmen made a fix that allowed you to bypass this limitation at launch and the game worked.
Regarding 64-bit operating systems, then you should know that it, like all 64-bit applications, consumes exactly 2 times more memory than 32-bit ones. Here this is already fully justified by memory addressing technology and significantly improves performance.
What should a fast computer be like?
We will not go into details, but you must understand that in order to feel the increase in speed, the following conditions must be met:
The central processing unit (CPU) must have a 64-bit architecture, the operating system must be 64-bit.
The application that you want to use to improve the performance of certain operations must be 64-bit, the data that is processed must be streaming (video conversion, archiving), since the speed increase is achieved by processing more information in one pass. In this case, the increase will be very significant – up to 2 times. Under such conditions, using Intel processor(with a longer pipeline) You will get the highest possible throughput for such operations. But, as you know, in games data is transferred in small portions (since it is impossible to predict the user’s next step), therefore, even in those games where 64-bit versions of the game engine are available for launch, there will be almost no increase. And yet the decisive role of the video card in them has not gone away.
As for professional applications, in areas such as video editing, 3D modeling, design, specialists in these areas know exactly what hardware and how much memory they need. Usually this is from 16 GB or more. And if, say, in 3D modeling there is no streaming data processing, then simply the volume and quality of models can be so high that a lot of RAM is “stupidly” needed to accommodate this model.
If you are not a professional, but really like to convert videos, then 4-8 GB will be enough for you.
Truly huge amounts of RAM can be in demand in scientific systems and highly loaded servers. In the latter, for example, a memory capacity of 64 GB or more is considered quite common. But the memory there is not cheap - server memory (with parity check and automatic correction errors), since failures on them are not allowed.
Well, as an example, I’ll give you a situation from my real life. When I was training in network technologies and system administration, I often had to emulate a large number of simultaneously running operating systems and network equipment. Such combinations as 5-10 operating systems running in VirtualBox (or VMware) + the same number of emulated ones network devices GNS can use up a decent amount of RAM. And it’s good if, in addition to a powerful processor that supports modern virtualization technologies, there are 8-16 GB of RAM, otherwise the brakes are guaranteed...
Why can't you disable the page file?
What happens when there is not enough RAM? Yes, it’s very simple - the OS, in order to compensate for the lack of memory, begins to actively use the hard drive (the so-called paging file). By the way, God forbid you turn it off. The operation of the system is very deeply tied to the page file and disabling it will be more problems than it is worth. As a result, not only the processor slows down, but also the hard drive.
There is only one conclusion - there should be enough memory; if there is not enough memory, the computer starts to slow down terribly, but too much memory does not give any performance gain.
What types of RAM are there?
There is no such thing as memory...
A board with memory chips is usually called a memory module (or “stick”). There are single-sided and double-sided memory modules. On the first, the chips are placed on one side printed circuit board, on the second - on both sides. What's better? I don’t know) There is an opinion that double-sided modules “chase” better; read about what this means further in this article. On the other hand, the fewer chips, the higher the reliability of the module. I have seen cases more than once when one side of the chips on a strip failed and the computer saw only half of its volume. But now I would not focus on this.
The main thing you need to know is that if there are several memory modules in the computer, then it is desirable that they all be either single-sided or double-sided. Otherwise, the memory does not always get along well with each other and does not work at full speed.
Today the most modern memory is DDR3 type., which replaced the older DDR2, which in turn replaced the even older DDR. A new, more modern DDR4 memory has already been developed, but it has not yet reached the masses. We won't go deeper.
When building a new PC, you should only choose the latest memory standard. At the moment it is DDR3.
Sometimes replacing a motherboard and purchasing a new type of memory is equivalent in price to adding an old type of RAM to an old board.
The new memory will also be significantly cheaper than the older DDR2, for which greedy manufacturers and sellers “keep” (keep) a high price, since there is little of it left and for those who want to upgrade their PC there is simply no other choice but to agree to such draconian conditions. In this case, it’s worth thinking about, maybe adding a little and buying more promising components? And if you sell the old one, you can actually get a profit, if you’re lucky, of course)
Laptop memory
Laptops use the same memory as PCs, but have a smaller module size and are called SO-DIMM DDR (DDR2, DDR3).
Memory characteristics. Frequency and timings
Memory is characterized primarily by type. For desktop computers(desktops) today the types of memory used are: DDR, DDR2, DDR3.
The main characteristic of memory is its frequency. The higher the frequency, the faster the memory is considered. But this frequency must be supported by the processor and motherboard, otherwise the memory will operate at a lower frequency, and the money you overpaid will go down the drain.
Memory modules, as well as its types, have their own markings, which begin with PC, PC2 and PC3, respectively.
Today, the most common memory is DDR3 PC3-10600 (1333 MHz). It will work at its native frequency on any computer. In principle, the speed of the computer does not greatly depend on the memory frequency. For example, in games this increase will be absolutely indistinguishable, but in some other applications it will be more noticeable. But the difference in price, for example in comparison with DDR3 PC3-12800 (1600 MHz) memory, will be very small. Here I usually follow the rule - if the price is slightly higher ($1-3) and the processor supports a higher frequency, then why not - we take faster memory.
Is it possible to install RAM sticks with different frequencies into a computer?
The frequency of the RAM does not have to be the same; the motherboard will set the frequency for all sticks to the slowest module, but very often a computer with sticks of different frequencies is unstable. For example, it may not turn on at all.
Timings
The next memory performance parameter is the so-called delays (timings). Roughly speaking, this is the time that has passed from the moment the memory is accessed until the moment it produces the necessary data. Accordingly, the shorter the timings, the better. There are dozens of different delays when reading, writing, copying, and various combinations of these and other operations. But there are only a few main ones that you can use to navigate.
Timings are indicated (though not always) on the label of memory modules in the form of 4 numbers with hyphens between them. The first and most important is latency, the rest are derivatives of it.
Delays depend on the manufacturing quality of the memory chips. Accordingly, higher quality, lower timings, higher price. However, it is worth noting that timings have a much smaller impact on performance than memory frequency. Therefore, I rarely attach importance to this, only if the price is approximately the same, you can buy memory with lower timings. Typically, modules with ultra-low timings are positioned as top-end, come complete with radiators (which we’ll talk about later), in beautiful packaging and are much more expensive.
Marking of main types, memory modules, their frequency and typical latency (CL)
DDR – outdated (completely)
DDR-266 - PC2100 - 266 MHz - CL 2.5
DDR-333 - PC2700 - 333 MHz - CL 2.5
DDR-400 - PC-3200 - 400 MHz - CL 2.5
DDR2 - obsolete (sometimes still found and can be used to add to an old PC)
DDR2-533 - PC2-4200 - 533 MHz - CL 5
DDR2-667 - PC2-5300 - 667 MHz - CL 5
DDR2-800 - PC2-6400 - 800 MHz - CL 5
DDR2-1066 - PC2-8500 - 1066 MHz - CL 5
DDR3 – modern
DDR3-1333 - PC3-10600 - 1333 MHz - CL 9
DDR3-1600 - PC3-12800 - 1600 MHz - CL 11
DDR3-1800 - PC3-14400 - 1800 MHz - CL 11
DDR3-2000 - PC3-16000 - 2000 MHz - CL 11
Is it possible to install RAM sticks with different timings in a computer?
The timings also do not have to match. The motherboard will automatically set timings for all modules according to the slowest module. There shouldn't be any problems.
Memory operating modes
Yes, yes... Perhaps not everyone knew, but RAM can operate in different modes, the so-called: Single Mode (single-channel) and Dual Mode (dual-channel).
In single-channel mode, data is first written to one memory module, and when its capacity is exhausted, it begins to be written to the next free module.
In dual-channel mode, data recording is parallelized and recorded simultaneously on several modules.
This, friends, is where using dual-channel mode significantly increases memory speed. In reality, the memory speed in dual-channel mode is up to 30% higher than in single-channel mode. But in order for it to work, the following conditions must be met:
The motherboard must support dual-channel RAM operation
There should be 2 or 4 memory modules
Memory modules must be either all single-sided or all double-sided
If any of these conditions are not met, the memory will only operate in single-channel mode.
It is desirable that all the strips be as identical as possible: they have the same frequency, latency, and are even from the same manufacturer. Otherwise, no one can give any guarantees about the operation of the dual-channel mode. Therefore, if you want your memory to work in the fastest possible mode, it is very advisable to immediately purchase 2 identical memory sticks, because after a year or two you will definitely not find the same one.
Another question is if you need to increase the amount of memory on an old computer. In this case, you can try to find a memory module that is as similar as possible to the one you already have. If you have 2 of them, and there are 2 more free slots on the motherboard, then you will have to look for 2 more of the same modules. An ideal, but not always economical, option is to sell the old memory as used and buy 2 new identical modules of larger capacity.
Of course, if your old computer is very weak, then there may not be a big gain from the dual-channel mode. In this case, you can install any module, but it is still better to choose the most suitable one in order to eliminate a possible conflict with old modules and complete inoperability of the computer. Try to agree in advance with the seller about a return or bring the system unit to him and let him try to select a suitable module.
RAM controller
It should be noted that previously memory controllers were located in the chipset (logic set) of motherboards. In modern systems, memory controllers are located in processors. In this regard, the dual-channel memory mode now has 2 more submodes: Ganged (paired) and Unganged (unpaired).
In paired (Ganged) mode, memory modules work the same as in old motherboards, but in unpaired (Unganged) mode, each processor memory controller (in modern processors 2) they can work separately with each strip. This mode can be set in the computer's BIOS, but is usually selected automatically by the processor. If the planks are identical, then Ganged (but not necessarily), if they are different, then only Unganged. In any case, the memory will operate in dual-channel mode. But I still recommend buying and installing 2 identical modules at once, this will eliminate distortions in their parameters and improve compatibility.
The dual-channel RAM mode has only one drawback - 2 memory sticks are slightly more expensive than one of the same size. Therefore, many stores and private collectors save money and set the same bar. As a result, we have a modern computer that does not work at full capacity.
Some modern expensive motherboards, which usually have 6 slots for memory modules, can even operate in three-channel mode.
By the way, if you have 2 or 3 memory sticks, then in order for the dual-channel or three-channel mode to work, all these sticks must be inserted into slots of the same color.
Some memory modules for desktops have the abbreviation ECC in their markings.
This is memory with parity, a technology used in server systems. You should not pay any attention to this, since on desktop PCs this technology is not critical and, in most cases, does not work at all. It's still the same marketing ploy.
Memory connectors
There's nothing to talk about here at all. Each type of memory DDR, DDR2, DDR3 has its own connector on the motherboard of the same type (DDR, DDR2, DDR3). You will not insert memory of one type into a slot of another type, since there is a special protrusion (key) in the motherboard slot,
Which should coincide with the slot on the memory module board. This was done precisely so as not to accidentally confuse and install the bracket in the wrong connector and, as a result, not damage both the memory and, possibly, the motherboard. When purchasing memory, you need to know exactly what type of memory the motherboard supports.
About RAM heatsinks
Some memory modules are equipped with so-called heatsinks, which are linings made of aluminum plates, sometimes painted copper or other colors, on both sides of the board. These pads are connected to the memory chips through special thermal pads that are designed to best transmission heat from chips to radiators. Radiators can have additional fins to increase the cooling area and even better heat dissipation.
In practice, memory chips heat up slightly during normal operation and do not require additional cooling. Gaskets between chips and heatsinks do not transfer heat as well as thermal paste between the processor and cooler. In addition, in the free space between the board and the radiators there is an air gap that interferes with natural cooling and over time becomes clogged with dust, which is difficult to clean out. This design provides for active cooling using an additional fan or good air flow inside the case. In addition, such modules can often cost more.
So who needs such joy, you ask? Well, ask me)
Answer: enthusiasts who never have enough of everything, who want to overclock everything, overtake everyone, etc. Besides, it’s just beautiful) Yes, friends, if you consider yourself to be in this group of users, then this memory is for you! Because such a cooling system will be effective only with sufficiently high heating as a result of overclocking with increased voltage and mandatory additional airflow. Remember - regular memory operating in normal mode does not need radiators.
An example of the correct use of memory with heatsinks in a powerful system
Overclocking RAM
Overclocking is a slang word in the computer lexicon that means manual installation more aggressive operating parameters of electronic components, such as processors, memory and video cards, than those provided by the manufacturer. Such parameters are usually the frequency (in processors there is also a multiplier). At particularly high overclocking, the voltage is also increased to ensure relatively stable operation of these components. As a result, higher heating of the elements occurs, requiring improved cooling. The so-called overclocking itself is possible thanks to a certain margin laid down by the manufacturer so that the product works stably, and not at the edge of its capabilities, or especially for advanced users) In any case, this event makes the operation of the entire system less stable and shortens the service life of overclocked components . If you still decide to experiment, then first thoroughly study all aspects and act strictly according to the instructions. By the way, if components fail as a result of overclocking, you may lose your warranty.
RAM Manufacturers
Like other components, memory modules are manufactured by many manufacturers. And, as always, they have different quality. I recommend paying attention to the following brands that have optimal ratio price/quality: AMD, Crucial, Goodram, Hynix, Kingston, Micron, Patriot, Samsung, TakeMS, Transcend.
Enthusiast brands include: Corsair, G.Skill, Mushkin, Team. These companies produce a wide range of modules with radiators and increased technical characteristics. I recommend avoiding cheap ones Chinese brands: A-Data, Apacer, Elixir, Elpida, NCP, PQI and other little-known manufacturers.
Memory modules that are not manufactured in China deserve special mention. Currently, there are not many of these, for example, modules that are labeled as Hynix Original and Samsung Original are produced in Korea. The quality of such modules is considered higher; they cost a little more, but usually have a longer warranty (up to 36 months).
To be fair, it should be noted that even if you purchased memory from a well-known and reputable brand, this, unfortunately, does not mean that you will not encounter defective modules or modules damaged during transportation. Of course, products from top brands in individual packaging will have fewer defects (damages) than the cheapest modules that are transported and sold in bulk.
Memory module in individual packaging
How to choose memory for a new computer
First of all, choose the most modern type of memory used. Today it is DDR3. Decide on the volume you need. Briefly summarizing this article, I will give general recommendations on the minimum amount of RAM for PCs of different purposes:
For an office or weak home PC – 2 GB
4. It is better to select the most identical strips (single-sided or double-sided), with the same frequency and latency. The ideal option is to sell the old memory as used and install new memory in the required volume.
5. If you install memory with a higher frequency than your processor or motherboard supports, it will operate at a lower frequency.
Make the right choice with us, friends, and there will be no trouble for you)
