Posts tagged Gimp lessons. See what "GIMP" is in other dictionaries The most pressing tasks

Anna Semyonova shared the lesson. 1. Create a new file of size 700 by 1000px with a transparent background. Select the background color in advance 2. Next, remaining on this layer, go to Select-All. 3. Create a new transparent layer. Reduce the selection by 20-25px (optional)
Allocation-Inventory. 4. Without removing the selection, select the Gradient tool with one of these shapes to choose from: Outline (angular) or outline (sphere) or Outline (ripple), choose the color as desired, for example, I chose these colors for my background. And fill the frame from the middle with this gradient.
Remove the selection (Select-Delete) 5. Now we look for a suitable clip art (File-Open as layers...) If the size is large, then using the Scale tool, reduce it to the desired size. Don't forget to include the dimensions.
Set it to the bottom by selecting the Move tool. Like this.
6. Now, in theory, we need to divide it into 3 parts, the guides will help us. Go to Image-Guides-Guides in %... Select horizontal. We will have a horizontal line in the middle that can be moved. We make a second guide, for this we go Filters-Repeat
In appearance, nothing has changed, but in fact another guide has been added. Select the Move tool, check the Select Layer/Guides box and hook the mouse (the cursor will become the index finger icon) over the line and move it where necessary, up or down. Move the other guide in the same way. The marking is ready.
Now you need to cut and save. Select the Crop tool and select the top part up to the first guide. If the selection is precise, the line will turn green.
Once the dimensions are set, click inside the selection and the excess will be cut off. Next File-Save As...
choose the extension you need.

Return to your frame. Let's go Edit-Undo. The canvas dimensions will return to their original size.
Select the Crop tool again. Select the middle part, click inside, the frame will be cut off. And save in exactly the same way as the first part, with the same extension but with a different name Return to the frame. Cancel again (Edit-Undo). The canvas dimensions will return to their original size. Crop again and select the bottom part and save it in the same way as the previous ones.
When you insert it into the code, when loading the Radical, uncheck the boxes: reduce to...

The GIMP graphic editor is written in C. The program uses the GTK+ and Cairo libraries to build the user interface.

In the modern version of GIMP, the interface is completely separated from the internal logic, and image processing is performed through the GEGL library, which uses acyclic graphs. To convert pixels between presentation formats, the babl dictionary library is used.

There are several reference resources for beginning developers:

compilation help;
Information about;
Help for creating patch files.

Legacy API help is available at developer.gimp.org.

If you are interested in porting GIMP filters to GEGL, these pages will help you:

Help on the filter port on GEGL and port status;
port status on GEGL and GIO plugins providing support for various data formats.

The most pressing tasks

GIMP is a large project in which there is always a place for new participants and fresh, promising ideas. Since the implementation of some important functions is blocked by the incomplete transition to the new graphics processing engine, we consider solving some problems to be a higher priority:

port of GIMP filters to GEGL;
speeding up GEGL;
port of GEGL operations to OpenCL;
development of a new internal file format.

Don't let this list confuse you; we'll be excited to see some of the innovations that are implementing exciting scientific research, especially in the areas of image manipulation and photo processing. A list of the most current tasks is provided on the project wiki.

Working on ergonomics

Since 2006, Peter Sikking, head of the German company man+machine works, has been working on GIMP ergonomics. Usability work is documented in a separate English-language wiki.

Current projects:

tool parameters interface (more compact widgets);

In addition, Peter's students conducted several studies, based on which the GIMP interface can also be improved:

If you are ready to take on one or another of the tasks listed above, we recommend that you connect to one of the main communication channels in the project and indicate your readiness to participate.

Working with the team

The main communication channel for developers is IRC: #gimp on irc.gimp.net. A significant proportion of programmers live in Europe, but there are active participants from the USA and New Zealand, so please understand that it may not be possible to receive an answer immediately.

GIMP developer, intended for discussion of GIMP development.
GEGL developer, it discusses the development of the GEGL and babl libraries.

Latest version State Website

GNU Image Manipulation Program or GIMP(Russian) Gimp) - raster graphics editor, a program for creating and processing raster graphics and partial support for working with vector graphics. The project was founded in 1995 by Spencer Kimbell and Peter Mattis as a thesis project and is currently supported by a group of volunteers. Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.

Introduction

Initially, the abbreviation “GIMP” meant English. General Image Manipulation Program , and in 1997 the full name was changed to "GNU Image Manipulation Program" and the program officially became part of the GNU Project.

Typical tasks that can be accomplished with GIMP include creating graphics and logos, scaling and cropping photographs, coloring, combining images using layers, retouching, and converting images to various formats.

GIMP Positioning

For a long time, GIMP was created taking into account the wishes of users, but mainly according to the preferences of the developers and without the involvement of ergonomic experts. There was no holistic vision of the project. To solve the problems that have accumulated as a result, a number of measures have been taken.

In 2005, the GIMP project was registered as a participant in the OpenUsability program. At the Libre Graphics Meeting in March 2006, the first meeting between OpenUsability and the GIMP development team took place, during which the vision for GIMP as a product for end users was defined:

GIMP is free software;
GIMP is a high-quality photo retouching application that allows you to create original images;
GIMP is a high-quality application for creating screen and web graphics;
GIMP is a platform for scientists and designers to create powerful and advanced graphics processing algorithms;
GIMP allows you to automate repetitive actions;
GIMP is easily extendable by simply installing add-ons.

These theses define further development GIMP.

In the fall of 2006, a study was conducted within the framework of the OpenUsability project, the results of which are gradually formalized in the form of recommendations and specifications and are being implemented.

Possibilities

Slides show the Brushes, Patterns and Gradients available for GIMP (Mac OS X Lion)

Disadvantages, their solutions and workarounds

Currently, using GIMP in commercial design, printing and photography is associated with a number of difficulties, and in many cases it is completely impossible:

no support for spot colors (and Pantone palettes - for licensing reasons);
no full support color models, CIELAB and CIE XYZ;
there is no support for 16 or more bits per color channel;
no support for HDRi and tone mapping operators;
there are no procedural (adjustment) layers and effects (styles) layers.

Many of the mentioned shortcomings are planned to be eliminated in the second stage of the transition to using the GEGL library.

Architecture

GIMP 2.x with GTK+ 2.x interface

GIMP uses GTK+ to build interface elements. GTK+ was originally included with GIMP as a replacement for the commercial Motif library that early versions of GIMP depended on. GIMP and GTK+ were originally developed for the X Window System, running on a Unix-like operating system, but it has since been ported to Microsoft Windows, OS/2, Mac OS X and SkyOS.

GIMP and other programs

FilmGimp/Cinepaint/Glasgow

FilmGimp, now called Cinepaint, is a fork of GIMP 1.0.4 and has been independently developed since then. Cinepaint is specially designed for coloring and retouching video frames using a frame manager and “onion layers.” Color depth has been increased to 32 floating-point bits per channel instead of GIMP's 8. Files produced by Cinepaint are not compatible with GIMP, mainly due to differences in supported color depths. For the same reason, GIMP does not support Cinepaint brushes and textures.

For some time Cinepaint was completely rewritten under the name Glasgow. In February 2007, an alpha version of the product was released. Over the past two years [ When?] there is no active work on both projects

GIMPshop

GIMP on different operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD

GIMP is part of the FreeBSD ports collection.

MAC OS X

There is a build of GIMP for MAC OS.

Microsoft Windows

GIMP and Google Summer of Code

In 2006, the GIMP team took part in the Google Summer of Code program with a number of projects, of which the following were successfully completed:

Vector layers. Work on its integration began only at the end of 2008. The final implementation is expected to be available in version 2.8.
Analogue of Vanishing Point from Photoshop
Analogue of Healing Brush from Photoshop. The project is included in version 2.4.
Ability to write scripts in Ruby. The code is in its own SVN tree
Implementation of various wavelet algorithms. The source code can be found in the GIMP extension registry: denoise (noise reduction), ihalf (inverted halftoning), jp2 (JPEG2000 support).

In 2008, the team participated in the program again; Four out of five projects were successfully completed:

Categorization of resources (brushes, textures, etc.) with tags
Typing text directly on canvas. Already available in unstable version.
Improving Python Scripting. The project will be included in version 2.10.
Frequency domain operations for GEGL. The project uses a library whose license does not allow this code to be included in the main development tree.

In 2009, the team successfully completed the following projects:

Experimental samplers for GEGL designed to increase and decrease image size. The code is included in the main GEGL development tree.
Basic implementation of hardware-accelerated buffers and several GEGL operators
Implementation of a refinement brush for the foreground selection tool. Inclusion of this code is planned for the future.
Improved interface for hand dynamics. Available since version 2.7.1.

The following projects were successfully completed in 2010:

Create GEGL operations for tone projection and matting, build HDR and support RGBE
Creating a Frame Transform Tool. The code is included in the main GIMP branch.

The following projects were successfully completed in 2011:

Creating a tool for introducing distortions (Warp Transform)
Creating a Seamless Cloning Tool (Seamless CLone)
New widget for entering dimensions. Available in a separate thread, scheduled for 2.10.
Rendering and GPU Computing with OpenCL in GEGL. Incorporated into the GEGL development branch.
Porting GIMP filters to GEGL operations. Released as part of version 0.1.8.

Mascot

Wilber is the GIMP mascot and was created by Tuomas "tigert" Kuosmanen.

GIMP logos with Wilbert

Notes

Bibliography

I. A Khakhaev Free graphics editor GIMP: first steps. - DMK-press, September 2009. - 232 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9706-0042-2

Links

gimp.org (English) - Official website of GIMP
registry.gimp.org (English) - Registry of extensions for GIMP
Online
www.gimp.ru (Russian) - official Russian-language website about the free graphics editor GIMP.
www.progimp.ru (Russian) - an unofficial site with a large number of lessons.
www.gimpinfo.ru (Russian) - site for beginner GIMP users

Lecture 5. Graphic editor GIMP.

General information. History of appearance and development. Features and functions.Writing plugins and extensions. Basic operating principles.

General information.

GIMP- raster editor, freely distributed, open source.

This is a multi-platform software for working with images. GIMP is an acronym that stands for GNU Image Manipulation Program. The GIMP editor is suitable for a variety of image modification tasks, including photo retouching, image merging, and image creation.

The GIMP program is multifunctional. It can be used as a simple graphic editor, like professional application for photo retouching, as a network batch image processing system, as an image reproduction program, as an image format converter, etc.

GIMP is designed to be extensible with add-ons that implement any possible functionality. The advanced programming interface makes it easy to automate any task at any level.

One of GIMP's strengths is its availability from many sources to many people. operating systems. GIMP is included with most GNU/Linux distributions. GIMP is also available for other operating systems like Microsoft Windows™ or Mac OS X™ from Apple (Darwin). GIMP - free software, released under the GPL (General Public License). The GPL gives users the right to access source code programs and the right to change it.

History of appearance and development.

The history of the emergence and development of GIMP begins in 1995. The initiators and first creators were two students from Berkeley - Spencer Kimbell and Peter Mattis. Their goal was to write an analogue of the Photoshop program that would have its capabilities, but would be available for free. The first release was released in 1996. The first version became free and distributed under the GPL license . Even then, GIMP supported plugins so as not to constantly rewrite the internal code of the photo editor. The first version had only basic tools for working with images, but its distinctive feature was the ability to work with color channels. Despite the shortcomings of the program, it was a success - communities were supported, lessons and training materials were created, and documentation was written.

In 1997, GIMP 0.99 was released. GTK and GDK were significantly improved and combined, and the result was called Gtk+. The writing and release of GTK was a very important step not only in the development of GIMP, but also other open source programs. Subsequent releases in the series were published quickly, with no major delays between them. Spencer and Peter managed to release GIMP 0.99.10 and the new Gtk+ by June 9, 1997. This was their last release. All subsequent versions were developed and supported by other development teams.

Features and functions.

Full set of tools including brushes, pencil, sprayer, stamp, etc.

Reasonable use of memory, in which the image size is limited only by the free space on the hard drive.

Sub-pixel sampling for all drawing tools, providing high-quality anti-aliasing.

Full alpha channel support for working with transparency.

Layers and channels.

Procedural database for calling GIMP internal functions from external applications such as "Script-Fu"

Advanced scripting capabilities.

Multiple undo and redo actions, limited only by free space on your hard drive.

Transformation tools including rotate, scale, warp and flip.

Supported file formats include GIF, JPEG, PNG, XPM, TIFF, TGA, MPEG, PS, PDF, PCX, BMP and many more.

Selection tools including rectangular, elliptical, free marquee, magic wand, bezier curves, and smart selection

Add-ons that make it easy to add support for new formats and filters.

GIMP is a program developed by Linux programmers. GIMP has a completely customizable interface - all buttons and windows can be arranged according to the user's wishes, and hotkeys can be configured. GIMP supports more than 30 image formats, working with layers, masks, filters, and blending modes. A large set of tools is provided for creating and editing images of any complexity. Thanks to the availability of good documentation and a huge number of available lessons, everyone can master the editor.

The GIMP structure is a set of modules interconnected with each other. Modules can be added and modified.

Each module in the program can be responsible for its own actions, implementing one or more of its own small functions (UNIX ideology).

By themselves, modules cannot process anything. The core of the program is the GEGL graphics library. It contains functions that implement image processing. The library is based on algorithms and all mathematics. The program's extensibility is also implemented within the kernel.

GUI (Graphical user interface) in GIMP is implemented using the Gtk+ library. It is responsible for how the editor software interacts with the user. It is Gtk+ that sets appearance all windows, buttons and other interface elements. Gtk+ supports various themes.

Writing plugins and extensions

A special feature of GIMP is that it can be easily extended using plugins or scripts.

Plugin ‒ external program, launched under the control of the main one and closely interacting with it.

Script is a plugin option that is an interpreted program.

Ideology - it is better to create a plugin that implements some kind of image processing capability than to change the core code of the program.

Programming languages in which you can create add-ons for GIMP:

Si- the language in which GIMP is written. It was created for use on the UNIX OS, but was later ported to other operating systems.

TinyScheme(Script-fu) - a stripped-down version of the Scheme language. A fairly simple and common programming language.

Python- a general-purpose programming language with an emphasis on ease of development and code readability.

Ruby- a programming language for fast and convenient object-oriented programming.

Perl is a general-purpose programming language created by programmer Larry Wall, a linguist by training.

Basic operating principles

Images

An image is the main object that GIMP works with. The word "image" refers to a single file such as TIFF or JPEG. You can mentally equate an image to the window with it, but this will not be entirely correct: you can open several windows with the same image. At the same time, you cannot open more than one image in one window, or an image without a window displaying it.

An image in GIMP can be quite complex. The most accurate analogy would not be a sheet of paper with a picture on it, but rather a stack of sheets called “layers.” In addition to a stack of layers, an image in GIMP can contain a selection mask, a set of channels, and a set of paths.

In GIMP you can work with multiple images at the same time. And although large images can use many megabytes of memory, GIMP uses an efficient tiling memory management system that allows it to work successfully with very large images. However, limitations exist everywhere, so make sure you have enough memory on your system before working with images.

Layers

If an image is like a sheet of paper, then an image with layers is like a stack of transparent sheets. You can draw on each sheet and see the contents of the sheets underneath through transparent areas. Each sheet can be moved relative to the others. Experienced GIMP users often work with multi-layered images. Layers can be transparent and do not cover the entire image space, so when looking at the monitor you can see not only the top layer, but also part of the rest.

Permission

Digital images are made up of a grid of square elements of different colors called dots (pixels). Each image has a pixel size, for example 900 pixels wide and 600 pixels high. But dots do not have a fixed physical size. To set up images for printing, we use a value called resolution, which is defined as the ratio between the size of the image in pixels and its physical size (usually inches) on paper. Most formats can store this value, expressed in ppi (pixel per inch). When printing, the resolution value determines the physical size of the image on paper and, accordingly, the physical size of the dots. The same 900 by 600 dot image can be printed at 3 by 2 inches with barely visible dots, or on a large poster with large square dots. Images taken from digital cameras and mobile devices usually contain a resolution value. It is usually 72 or 96 dpi. It must be recognized that this value is arbitrary and was chosen for historical reasons. The resolution can always be changed in GIMP, and this does not change the points themselves. Additionally, when displaying images online, on mobile devices, on TV, or computer game, resolution is meaningless and is ignored, and in these cases the image point corresponds to the screen point.

Channels

A channel is one component of a point's color. For colored dots in GIMP, these components are usually red, green, blue, and sometimes transparency (alpha). For a gray image the components are usually gray and alpha, and for an indexed color image they are index and alpha.

The entire rectangular array of one of the color components for all image points is also called a channel. These color channels can be seen in the Channels dialog.

When displaying an image, GIMP combines these components together to create a dot color on the screen, printer, or other output device. Some output devices do not use the red, green, and blue channels. In this case, GIMP converts its channels to device channels when rendering the image.

Channels are used when working with an image that needs to change one color. For example, if you want to remove the red-eye effect from a photo, you can only work with the red channel.

Channels can be thought of as masks that allow or block the color of a given channel. By applying filters over the channel information, you can create different and subtle effects in the image. A simple example of applying a filter over color channels is the Channel Mixer filter.

In addition to these channels, GIMP also allows you to create other channels (or rather, channel masks), which are shown at the bottom of the Channels dialog.

Discharge

Often when working there is a need to change only part of the image. For this purpose, there is a mechanism for selecting areas. You can create a selection in each image, which typically appears as a moving dotted line (also called an ant-track) that separates the selected area from the unselected area. In fact, making selections in GIMP is a little more complex than simply dividing pixels into selected and unselected ones. In reality, the selection is a grayscale channel, i.e. each point of the image can be selected, partially selected or not selected at all. The dotted line that represents the selection represents the outline at 50% selection level. You can always see the above-mentioned channel in grayscale by turning on the display of the quick mask.

Learning to work effectively with GIMP means mastering the art of correctly selecting the desired areas of an image. Since working with selections is so important, GIMP has enough tools for this: tools for creating selections, operations on selections, and also the ability to switch to quick mask mode, in which you can work with the selection channel as with a regular color channel, i.e. “draw” selection.

Cancel actions

Mistakes when editing images are inevitable, but you can almost always undo your actions: GIMP records a “history” of actions, allowing you to go back a few steps if necessary. However, this “history” takes up memory, so the possibilities for undoing actions are not unlimited. Some actions use very little memory, so you can perform dozens of them before the earliest one is removed from history; other types of actions take up a lot of memory. The amount of memory used for the action history can be changed, but at least the last two or three actions can always be undone. The most important action that cannot be undone is closing the image. That's why GIMP asks you to confirm your intent to close an image whose changes have not yet been saved.

Extensions

Most image manipulation is done using GIMP itself. However, if the editor's capabilities are not enough, you can use add-ons, which are external programs that are tightly integrated with GIMP and can perform complex operations on images and other GIMP objects. There are many extras included with the GIMP base package. In addition, you can expand this set yourself by writing the necessary add-on or downloading it from the Internet. In fact, writing add-ons (and scripts) is the easiest way for those outside the core development team to add new features to GIMP.

All functions from the Filters menu and many functions from other program menus are implemented as add-ons.

Scenarios

In addition to extensions, which are programs written in C, GIMP can also use scripts. The largest number of existing scripts are written in a language called Script-Fu and developed specifically for GIMP (it is a dialect of the LISP-like language Scheme). In addition, scripts for GIMP can be written in Python, Perl. It is more flexible and powerful languages Compared to Script-Fu, however, they have a disadvantage: they depend on programs that are not installed with GIMP by default (with the exception of Python). Therefore, there is no guarantee that any version of GIMP will run these scenarios correctly.

Annotation: GIMP (or The GIMP) - a package for creating and editing raster images(raster graphics editor), developed by a community of developers using open source development technology (Open Source) and distributed under the terms of the free GNU Public License (GPL). GIMP is perfect for amateur and semi-professional work with images: processing photographs, creating graphic compositions and collages, creating design elements for web pages. GIMP's capabilities allow you to do without expensive commercial raster graphics packages or their pirated versions, which is especially important in connection with the tightening of copyright protection in Russia.

1.1 About the project

The GIMP project was born in 1995 at the University of Berkeley (California). Thanks to open system development and relevance of the very task of creating and developing a powerful open raster graphics package, the project developed very dynamically and is still developing. Initially, the graphic library Motif was used for the graphical interface of the package, but then a new library was developed - GTK (GIMP ToolKit), which later became one of the main freely distributed libraries for graphical interfaces(currently using GTK2+).

The most important distinctive features of GIMP are, firstly, a free development and distribution model (therefore, the project has been developing for more than 10 years and will continue to develop, and latest versions publicly available), secondly, cross-platform(GIMP is implemented for all variants of Linux, all branches of BSD systems, for MacOS and for MS Windows), thirdly, flexibility and extensibility (there is both a built-in language for creating extensions and the ability to develop the functionality of the package on Python language).

1.2 Versions, licenses, information resources

Starting with version 2.0, the following principle for naming versions has been adopted: if the second digit is even (2.0, 2.4, 2.6...), then the version is stable and intended for mass use, and if the second digit is odd (2.1, 2.3, 2.5...) ), this means that the version is in active development and is intended primarily for developers and volunteer testers.

At the time of writing these lines, the current version of GIMP is 2.4 (modifications 2.4.3 or 2.4.5). The differences between versions with a different third digit are almost invisible to users and are associated with optimization of the internal structure of the package.

As mentioned above, GIMP is distributed under the free GPL license. This means that it is virtually free (except for the time and labor involved in transcribing the package onto a digital medium, or in the case of bandwidth charges if downloaded from the Internet). GIMP is included in almost everything Linux distributions and can be installed on other operating systems (see clause 1.1).

The main website of the project is www.gimp.org, from where you can download the latest versions of the package for various operating systems.

The website docs.gimp.org contains the original ("official") documentation for the package - the "GIMP User's Guide", created by the developers themselves. This documentation is available in different languages, including Russian, and in case of ambiguity, you can always use the original English version.

Several articles related to solving individual problems when working in GIMP are available on the website www.linuxgraphics.ru, and the website www.progimp.ru contains a large collection of materials, including lessons and a gallery of examples of works created using GIMP.

It is also worth mentioning the Free Office software package published by Alt Linux, the documentation for which includes Anatoly Yakushin’s brochure “The GIMP. Image Editing,” which served as one of the impetuses for the creation of this book.

The translated "GIMP Tutorial" was published in several issues of the LinuxFormat (LXF) magazine (LXF 1(70)/2005, pp. 78–81; LXF 2(71)/2005, pp. 80–83; LXF 3(72)/2005 , pp. 84–87; LXF 4(73)/2005, pp. 64–67; LXF 2(76)/2006, pp. 78–85; LXF 3(77)/2006, pp. 72–75; LXF 4(78)/2006, pp. 80–83), and an overview of the features of GIMP 2.4 and the innovations in GIMP 2.6 can be found in LinuxFormat 4(91)/2007, pp. 48–54.

1.3 About this book

This book is the first separate printed publication about GIMP in Russian. It is not a translation of the original User's Guide and is not a complete and comprehensive tutorial. Here are examples of problems that the author had to deal with or that were interesting to him.

Annotation: GIMP (or The GIMP) is a package for creating and editing raster images (raster graphics editor), developed by the developer community using open source development technology (Open Source) and distributed under the terms of the free GNU Public License (GPL). GIMP is perfect for amateur and semi-professional work with images: processing photographs, creating graphic compositions and collages, creating design elements for web pages. GIMP's capabilities make it possible to do without expensive commercial raster graphics packages or their pirated versions, which is especially important due to the tightening of copyright protection in Russia.

1.1 About the project

The GIMP project was born in 1995 at the University of Berkeley (California). Thanks to the open development system and the relevance of the very task of creating and developing a powerful open raster graphics package, the project has developed very dynamically and is still developing. Initially, the graphical library Motif was used for the graphical interface of the package, but then a new library was developed - GTK (GIMP ToolKit), which later became one of the main freely distributed libraries for graphical interfaces (currently GTK2+ is used).

The most important distinctive features of GIMP are, firstly, a free development and distribution model (therefore, the project has been developing for more than 10 years and will continue to develop, and the latest versions are publicly available), and secondly, cross-platform(GIMP is implemented for all variants of Linux, all branches of BSD systems, for MacOS and for MS Windows), thirdly, flexibility and extensibility (there is both a built-in language for creating extensions and the ability to develop the functionality of the package in Python).

1.2 Versions, licenses, information resources

As mentioned above, GIMP is distributed under the free GPL license. This means that it is virtually free (except for the time and labor involved in transcribing the package onto a digital medium, or in the case of bandwidth charges if downloaded from the Internet). GIMP is included in almost all Linux distributions and can be installed on other operating systems (see section 1.1).

The main website of the project is www.gimp.org, from where you can download the latest versions of the package for various operating systems.

1.3 About this book

Lecture 5. Graphic editor GIMP.

General information. History of appearance and development. Features and functions.Writing plugins and extensions. Basic operating principles.

General information.

GIMP is a freely distributed, open source raster editor.

The GIMP program is multifunctional. It can be used as a simple image editor, a professional photo retouching application, a network-based batch image processing system, an image reproduction program, an image format converter, etc.

GIMP is designed to be extensible with add-ons that implement any possible functionality. The advanced programming interface makes it easy to automate any task at any level.

One of GIMP's strengths is its availability from many sources for many operating systems. GIMP is included with most GNU/Linux distributions. GIMP is also available for other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows™ or Apple's Mac OS X™ (Darwin). GIMP is free software released under the GPL (General Public License). The GPL gives users the right to access and change the source code of programs.

History of appearance and development.

Features and functions.

Full set of tools including brushes, pencil, sprayer, stamp, etc.

Reasonable use of memory, in which the image size is limited only by the free space on the hard drive.

Sub-pixel sampling for all drawing tools, providing high-quality anti-aliasing.

Full alpha channel support for working with transparency.

Layers and channels.

Procedural database for calling GIMP internal functions from external applications such as "Script-Fu"

Advanced scripting capabilities.

Multiple undo and redo actions, limited only by free space on your hard drive.

Transformation tools including rotate, scale, warp and flip.

Supported file formats include GIF, JPEG, PNG, XPM, TIFF, TGA, MPEG, PS, PDF, PCX, BMP and many more.

Selection tools including rectangular, elliptical, free marquee, magic wand, bezier curves, and smart selection

Add-ons that make it easy to add support for new formats and filters.

The GIMP structure is a set of modules interconnected with each other. Modules can be added and modified.

Each module in the program can be responsible for its own actions, implementing one or more of its own small functions (UNIX ideology).

GUI (Graphical user interface) in GIMP is implemented using the Gtk+ library. It is responsible for how the editor software interacts with the user. It is Gtk+ that sets the appearance of all windows, buttons and other interface elements. Gtk+ supports various themes.

Writing plugins and extensions

A special feature of GIMP is that it can be easily extended using plugins or scripts.

A plugin is an external program launched under the control of the main one and closely interacts with it.

Script is a plugin option that is an interpreted program.

Ideology - it is better to create a plugin that implements some kind of image processing capability than to change the core code of the program.

Programming languages in which you can create add-ons for GIMP:

Si- the language in which GIMP is written. It was created for use on the UNIX OS, but was later ported to other operating systems.

TinyScheme(Script-fu) - a stripped-down version of the Scheme language. A fairly simple and common programming language.

Python- a general-purpose programming language with an emphasis on ease of development and code readability.

Ruby- a programming language for fast and convenient object-oriented programming.

Perl is a general-purpose programming language created by programmer Larry Wall, a linguist by training.

Basic operating principles

Images

Layers

Permission

Digital images are made up of a grid of square elements of different colors called dots (pixels). Each image has a pixel size, for example 900 pixels wide and 600 pixels high. But dots do not have a fixed physical size. To set up images for printing, we use a value called resolution, which is defined as the ratio between the size of the image in pixels and its physical size (usually inches) on paper. Most formats can store this value, expressed in ppi (pixel per inch). When printing, the resolution value determines the physical size of the image on paper and, accordingly, the physical size of the dots. The same 900 by 600 dot image can be printed at 3 by 2 inches with barely visible dots, or on a large poster with large square dots. Images taken from digital cameras and mobile devices usually contain a resolution value. It is usually 72 or 96 dpi. It must be recognized that this value is arbitrary and was chosen for historical reasons. The resolution can always be changed in GIMP, and this does not change the points themselves. In addition, when displaying images on the Internet, on mobile devices, in a TV or in a computer game, resolution is meaningless and is ignored, and in these cases the image point corresponds to the screen point.

Channels

The entire rectangular array of one of the color components for all image points is also called a channel. These color channels can be seen in the Channels dialog.

Channels are used when working with an image that needs to change one color. For example, if you want to remove the red-eye effect from a photo, you can only work with the red channel.

In addition to these channels, GIMP also allows you to create other channels (or rather, channel masks), which are shown at the bottom of the Channels dialog.

Discharge

Cancel actions

Extensions

All functions from the Filters menu and many functions from other program menus are implemented as add-ons.

Scenarios

In addition to extensions, which are programs written in C, GIMP can also use scripts. The largest number of existing scripts are written in a language called Script-Fu and developed specifically for GIMP (it is a dialect of the LISP-like language Scheme). In addition, scripts for GIMP can be written in Python, Perl. These languages are more flexible and powerful than Script-Fu, however they have the disadvantage of being dependent on programs that are not installed with GIMP by default (with the exception of Python). Therefore, there is no guarantee that any version of GIMP will run these scenarios correctly.

Latest version State Website

Introduction

GIMP Positioning

GIMP is free software;
GIMP is a high-quality photo retouching application that allows you to create original images;
GIMP is a high-quality application for creating screen and web graphics;
GIMP is a platform for scientists and designers to create powerful and advanced graphics processing algorithms;
GIMP allows you to automate repetitive actions;
GIMP is easily extendable by simply installing add-ons.

These theses determine the further development of GIMP.

Possibilities

Slides show the Brushes, Patterns and Gradients available for GIMP (Mac OS X Lion)

Disadvantages, their solutions and workarounds

Currently, using GIMP in commercial design, printing and photography is associated with a number of difficulties, and in many cases it is completely impossible:

no support for spot colors (and Pantone palettes - for licensing reasons);
there is no full support for color models, CIELAB and CIE XYZ;
there is no support for 16 or more bits per color channel;
no support for HDRi and tone mapping operators;
there are no procedural (adjustment) layers and effects (styles) layers.

Many of the mentioned shortcomings are planned to be eliminated in the second stage of the transition to using the GEGL library.

Architecture

GIMP 2.x with GTK+ 2.x interface

GIMP and other programs

FilmGimp/Cinepaint/Glasgow

GIMPshop

GIMP on different operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD

GIMP is part of the FreeBSD ports collection.

MAC OS X

There is a build of GIMP for MAC OS.

Microsoft Windows

GIMP and Google Summer of Code

In 2006, the GIMP team took part in Google program Summer of Code with a number of projects, of which the following were successfully completed:

Vector layers. Work on its integration began only at the end of 2008. The final implementation is expected to be available in version 2.8.
Analogue of Vanishing Point from Photoshop
Analogue of Healing Brush from Photoshop. The project is included in version 2.4.
Ability to write scripts in Ruby. The code is in its own SVN tree
Implementation of various wavelet algorithms. The source code can be found in the GIMP extension registry: denoise (noise reduction), ihalf (inverted halftoning), jp2 (JPEG2000 support).

In 2008, the team participated in the program again; Four out of five projects were successfully completed:

Categorization of resources (brushes, textures, etc.) with tags
Typing text directly on canvas. Already available in unstable version.
Improving Python Scripting. The project will be included in version 2.10.
Frequency domain operations for GEGL. The project uses a library whose license does not allow this code to be included in the main development tree.

In 2009, the team successfully completed the following projects:

Experimental samplers for GEGL designed to increase and decrease image size. The code is included in the main GEGL development tree.
Basic implementation of hardware-accelerated buffers and several GEGL operators
Implementation of a refinement brush for the foreground selection tool. Inclusion of this code is planned for the future.
Improved interface for hand dynamics. Available since version 2.7.1.

The following projects were successfully completed in 2010:

Create GEGL operations for tone projection and matting, build HDR and support RGBE
Creating a Frame Transform Tool. The code is included in the main GIMP branch.

The following projects were successfully completed in 2011:

Creating a tool for introducing distortions (Warp Transform)
Creating a Seamless Cloning Tool (Seamless CLone)
New widget for entering dimensions. Available in a separate thread, scheduled for 2.10.
Rendering and GPU Computing with OpenCL in GEGL. Incorporated into the GEGL development branch.
Porting GIMP filters to GEGL operations. Released as part of version 0.1.8.

Mascot

Wilber is the GIMP mascot and was created by Tuomas "tigert" Kuosmanen.

GIMP logos with Wilbert

Notes

Bibliography

I. A Khakhaev Free graphics editor GIMP: first steps. - DMK-press, September 2009. - 232 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9706-0042-2

The most pressing tasks

port of GIMP filters to GEGL;
speeding up GEGL;
port of GEGL operations to OpenCL;
development of a new internal file format.

Working on ergonomics

Since 2006, Peter Sikking, head of the German company man+machine works, has been working on GIMP ergonomics. Usability work is documented in a separate English-language wiki.

Current projects:

tool parameters interface (more compact widgets);

In addition, Peter's students conducted several studies, based on which the GIMP interface can also be improved:

Working with the team

GIMP developer, intended for discussion of GIMP development.
GEGL developer, it discusses the development of the GEGL and babl libraries.

Russian and 74 other languages

First edition Latest version State Website

Introduction

GIMP Positioning

GIMP is free software;
GIMP is a high-quality photo retouching application that allows you to create original images;
GIMP is a high-quality application for creating screen and web graphics;
GIMP is a platform for scientists and designers to create powerful and advanced graphics processing algorithms;
GIMP allows you to automate repetitive actions;
GIMP is easily extendable by simply installing add-ons.

These theses determine the further development of GIMP.

Possibilities

Slides show the Brushes, Patterns and Gradients available for GIMP (Mac OS X Lion)

Disadvantages, their solutions and workarounds

Currently, using GIMP in commercial design, printing and photography is associated with a number of difficulties, and in many cases it is completely impossible:

no support for spot colors (and Pantone palettes - for licensing reasons);
there is no full support for color models, CIELAB and CIE XYZ;
there is no support for 16 or more bits per color channel;
no support for HDRi and tone mapping operators;
there are no procedural (adjustment) layers and effects (styles) layers.

Many of the mentioned shortcomings are planned to be eliminated in the second stage of the transition to using the GEGL library.

Architecture

GIMP 2.x with GTK+ 2.x interface

GIMP and other programs

FilmGimp/Cinepaint/Glasgow

GIMPshop

GIMP on different operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD

GIMP is part of the FreeBSD ports collection.

MAC OS X

There is a build of GIMP for MAC OS.

Microsoft Windows

GIMP and Google Summer of Code

In 2006, the GIMP team took part in the Google Summer of Code program with a number of projects, of which the following were successfully completed:

Vector layers. Work on its integration began only at the end of 2008. The final implementation is expected to be available in version 2.8.
Analogue of Vanishing Point from Photoshop
Analogue of Healing Brush from Photoshop. The project is included in version 2.4.
Ability to write scripts in Ruby. The code is in its own SVN tree
Implementation of various wavelet algorithms. The source code can be found in the GIMP extension registry: denoise (noise reduction), ihalf (inverted halftoning), jp2 (JPEG2000 support).

In 2008, the team participated in the program again; Four out of five projects were successfully completed:

Categorization of resources (brushes, textures, etc.) with tags
Typing text directly on canvas. Already available in unstable version.
Improving Python Scripting. The project will be included in version 2.10.
Frequency domain operations for GEGL. The project uses a library whose license does not allow this code to be included in the main development tree.

In 2009, the team successfully completed the following projects:

Experimental samplers for GEGL designed to increase and decrease image size. The code is included in the main GEGL development tree.
Basic implementation of hardware-accelerated buffers and several GEGL operators
Implementation of a refinement brush for the foreground selection tool. Inclusion of this code is planned for the future.
Improved interface for hand dynamics. Available since version 2.7.1.

The following projects were successfully completed in 2010:

Create GEGL operations for tone projection and matting, build HDR and support RGBE
Creating a Frame Transform Tool. The code is included in the main GIMP branch.

The following projects were successfully completed in 2011:

Creating a tool for introducing distortions (Warp Transform)
Creating a Seamless Cloning Tool (Seamless CLone). Available in a separate thread, scheduled for 2.10.
New widget for entering dimensions. Available in a separate thread, scheduled for 2.10.
Rendering and GPU Computing with OpenCL in GEGL. Incorporated into the GEGL development branch.
Porting GIMP filters to GEGL operations. Released as part of version 0.1.8.

Mascot

Wilber is the GIMP mascot and was created by Tuomas "tigert" Kuosmanen.

GIMP logos with Wilbert

Notes

Bibliography

I. A Khakhaev Free graphics editor GIMP: first steps. - DMK-press, September 2009. - 232 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9706-0042-2

Links

gimp.org (English) - Official website of GIMP
registry.gimp.org (English) - Registry of extensions for GIMP
Online
www.gimp.ru (Russian) - official Russian-language website about the free graphics editor GIMP.
www.progimp.ru (Russian) - an unofficial site with a large number of lessons.

GIMP is a multi-platform software for working with images. GIMP is an acronym that stands for GNU Image Manipulation Program. The GIMP editor is suitable for a variety of image modification tasks, including photo retouching, image merging, and image creation.

GIMP program multifunctional. It can be used as a simple graphic editor, as a professional photo retouching application, as network system batch image processing, as an image renderer, as an image format converter, etc.

GIMP is designed to be extensible using add-ons, implementing any possible functions. An advanced scripting interface makes it easy to automate any task at any level.

1.1. Authors

The first version of GIMP was written by Peter Mattis and Spencer Kimball. Many programmers contributed to the development of the program, thousands helped with support and testing. The GIMP Developer Orchestra plays to Sven Neumann and Mitch Natterer.

1.2. GIMP Help System

The GIMP documentation team gives you the information you need to understand how to use GIMP. The most latest version documentation is always available in HTML format. You can open it local copy while working with GIMP by pressing the F1 key. Help on individual menu items can be obtained by pressing the F1 key when the mouse cursor is on the corresponding item.

1.3. Features and functions

Below is short review GIMP features and functions.

Full set tools including brushes, pencil, spray gun, stamp, etc.

Reasonable use of memory, in which the image size is limited only by the free space on the hard drive.

Sub-pixel sampling for all drawing tools, providing high-quality anti-aliasing.

Full alpha channel support for working with transparency.

Layers and channels.

Procedural database for calling GIMP internal functions from external applications such as "Script-Fu"

Advanced scripting capabilities.

Multiple undo and redo actions, limited only by free space on your hard drive.

Transformation tools including rotate, scale, warp and flip.

Supported file formats include GIF, JPEG, PNG, XPM, TIFF, TGA, MPEG, PS, PDF, PCX, BMP and many more.

Selection tools including rectangular, elliptical, free marquee, magic wand, bezier curves, and smart selection

Add-ons that make it easy to add support for new formats and filters.

	Gimp in Wikibooks
	Gimp on Wikimedia Commons