How to become a professional programmer from scratch on your own. Learning to program from scratch - a step-by-step guide for beginners. Ten steps from a teapot to a professional programmer. Understand how operating systems work

Why are there no ideas right away? If I say something confidently, it means I’ve thought about it enough to be confident.

In the current situation, it will be faster and cheaper to write in HTML+JavaScript (generously lubricated with additional crutches). The reason is that on this moment There is no driving force, no "point of attraction" that could contribute to the emergence of a worthy alternative to HTML. That's why everyone struggles with HTML. They are suffering. Any honest web developer will tell you this.

Speaking from a distance, there are a couple of technologies that, in their concept, would be a good fit. The first is .NET and WPF. A clear division into logic and interface, with the ability to add all the goodies necessary for complex programs (strong typing, compilation and human debugging), a set of well-compatible tools, divided by task: client logic, client interface, server logic.

If, instead of HTML, we had the ability to dynamically load and compile WPF with dynamically connecting libraries in C# as client logic, this technology would be at least 10 times faster than HTML in operating speed and at least 10 times faster in development speed.

Both Apple and Google (and many other smaller companies), of course, will do everything possible to ensure that this technology is incompatible with their devices (despite the fact that each of them is trying to push their technologies), is not widespread, and is not supported by browsers.

The second technology is Flash. Technically, on the one hand, it is weaker than .NET. On the other hand, he chose very relevant strengths: very simple, at the same time convenient/modern, convenient for animators, managed to fit on 99% of computers. There were moments in the history of Flash when it was really possible to make good websites on it. And I’m not talking about those sites where a bunch of visual frills overshadowed any functionality. I'm talking about the Flex framework and its WPF counterpart called MXML. Truly cross-platform, almost strictly typed (arrays were not typed and this is bad), designed specifically for the Internet, taking into account its features (for example, the ability to dynamically load an application directly while it is running), developed around the MVVM pattern (a type of MVC), separation of logic and an interface with dynamic late binding, which is done in one line.

Very slow (Flash's main problem), but very functional. The sluggishness could be solved by optimizing the Flash machine (Flash player). Flash was not very far from becoming the HTML of the 21st century. For all its shortcomings, its foundation was good, and all its problems were fixable.

And what happened next? Apple began to purposefully remove Flash from its devices and at the same time advertise “fast and efficient HTML5” that would change the world (which at that time was an outright lie, because then HTML5 was very young and in fact could not work). Despite the fact that Flash was at least twice as good as HTML5 in all respects. And even to this day, Flash can do many things that are not possible in HTML (for example, multi-threaded programming - weak in JavaScript? support for game controllers right out of the box? microphone and webcam support with built-in echo cancellation algorithm? programmable hardware-accelerated low-level graphics? (WebGL is still in its infancy)? support network protocols with persistent connection (TCP, UDP, P2P)). But this is a matter of principle. Flash couldn't be allowed to become a truly universal medium. Now Flash is almost completely dead. In my opinion, undeservedly. I, for one, would prefer HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to die instead. But you will have to continue to suffer with them.

This article will talk about how to become a programmer from scratch. In times of crisis, a huge number of people think about additional income. Money is always needed, so different ideas come to mind, including programming. Surely one of your friends or you yourself said that programmers are very needed today, they are the ones who earn those millions and have great prospects. Indeed, this is the very area where today a professional can realize himself fully and achieve enormous heights. This is because there are quite a few high-level programmers, which means that the competition is not very serious and you can set bold goals for yourself. If you work in the IT field, sooner or later you will think about programming and try to become a professional in this matter.

So, how to become a programmer from scratch, on your own? Where to start your training?

Learning to program from scratch on your own is not easy work and can take a lot of time and effort. Therefore, first of all, you need to understand what kind of programmer to become and what you will do in the future. You can develop new applications using mobile devices, you can write full-fledged desktop programs, you can become a web programmer, etc. The choice is quite large, so initially you need to make a choice and purposefully work for the result. Don’t be afraid at this stage, if you become a good programmer in one area, you can then retrain and engage in another area of ​​programming.

Once you have chosen a niche area, you need to choose a programming language. This is not so simple; here you need to delve into the field of programming, study all available languages ​​and choose the most optimal option for yourself. Some people prefer more in simple language, which can be studied in several years and be a professional, someone chooses a more difficult path, preferring a language with greater capabilities and prospects.

After that, you must choose for yourself how to get started on the path of programming. You can study on your own, read literature, use a variety of services and the help of professionals. You can go to university and complete a few years of training, after which you can get a specialist degree and start working in this industry. Both options have the right to life and you simply need to set your priorities.

Advantages and disadvantages of self-study (at home)

You know how to become a programmer, you understand that for this you need to study and spend a huge amount of your time on the business. At the same time, you decided to do everything yourself, without universities and support companies. This is very commendable and always pays off expectations if you work in this direction. But at the same time, such a choice is very difficult.

Today there is a huge amount of information on the Internet, there is an opportunity to use productive equipment for programming, and there is an opportunity to practice your skills. Detailed instructions on the Internet allow you to begin the path to professional programming; special exchanges will even provide you with work for a fee.

Benefits of self-paced learning:

1. A huge amount of practical knowledge.

2. Opportunity to earn money as a beginner programming.

3. A mindset for the future and more responsible learning.

4. A cheap way to become a programmer.

Disadvantages of independent study:

1. It is very difficult to become a professional in a short time.

2. Difficulties in learning, since there is no one to advise.

3. A large amount of time is spent searching for information and analyzing it.

Vocational training at university

When wondering how to become a programmer from scratch, a large number of people will think about university. There are professional teachers there who can pass on some of their knowledge and experience to those who want to learn this business. After training, you receive a diploma, so you can work in large companies as a programmer and build your own career. Some private clients will be more serious about working with a certified professional.

The benefits of such training are very great. You work with a professional teacher, understand certain nuances faster, and spend less time searching for information and analyzing it. You ask the teacher questions about how to become a web programmer, and he tells you from a professional point of view, offers proven literature, gives practical tasks and helps you understand them. Professionals develop a specific training methodology, so in a few years you become a real specialist who can count on a well-paid job.

The disadvantages of this choice are also obvious and lie on the surface. You will have to pay tuition, depending on the university, the cost of training can be quite high. You will have to study for several years; you will not always be able to combine study with work. Not everyone can graduate from university as professionals; some will simply be lazy and these years of study will be in vain. It’s one thing to force yourself to study and do it on your own, gradually gaining courage, and another thing to attend lectures at a university where no one forces you to study.

Which programming language should a beginner choose?

More and more people want to become programmers. This is due to the fact that many people think that programmers do nothing and receive huge amounts of money. Of course, this is not true, the work of a programmer is very difficult, and large salaries should only be expected after a long period of time. However, if you want to become a programmer and you don’t know which programming language you should start learning as a first, then this article is for you.

So, you want to become a programmer and are wondering which programming language should you learn first. I would like to say right away that you should not look at the side of Pascal, which is so popular to teach at school, and BASIC, which still remains from the times of the USSR. Of course, you can study them for the basics in order to understand how everything works, but this is a waste of time. For example, if we take the Python language, then it is lightweight, like Pascal, but at the same time powerful. In general, where is Python used? This language is often used when developing websites, namely the server part of the website. And in general, not only websites. Take only the Instagram app, or game World of Tanks, they also use Python! Of course, not much is written about this language, so it has not yet gained such popularity. Beginners think that the more popular a language is, the better it is. In fact, it’s not like that, because in programming everything depends on the goals. For example, you have a goal: to create a game for mobile platforms. In this case, of course, it is better to start learning Java, but this language is complex, and it is worth starting with something simple, for example, Python. Python is a scripting language, and you should always have a scripting language in your arsenal, as it will come in handy everywhere! It is worth noting that the popularity of this language is growing every year. Many sites are switching from PHP to Python. Because Python has a nicer syntax and is easier to work with than PHP. Such giants as Yandex, VKontakte, Google have long switched to Python. Python will soon take the place of PHP and become the most popular language for web development. PHP survives only because many projects are too lazy to rewrite a ton of code from one language to another.

In conclusion I would like to say that best language for a beginner is Python. These are both great prospects and ease of learning. Python can be mastered in a couple of weeks, the basics, of course. In general, now even in schools they want to replace Pascal with Python. But still, the final choice is before you, because there are people who do not like Python syntax.

Programmer is a specialist who develops algorithms and computer programs based on special mathematical models. The profession is promising and in great demand all over the world (median value). You can become a programmer at any age. The profession is suitable for men and women with interests in programming, mathematics, languages, as well as good analytical skills and developed logic (can you pass the test to see if you can become a programmer). There are also colleges that teach programming, but you can learn it on your own; as a rule, programmers with skills are valued higher. Exist . The profession has its own. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in computer science (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).

Varieties

In programming, not only practical skills are given first place, but also the ideas of a specialist. Programmers can be divided into three categories depending on their specialization:

1. Application programmers mainly engaged in development software applied nature - games, accounting programs, editors, instant messengers, etc. Their area of ​​work also includes the creation of software for video and audio surveillance systems, access control systems, fire extinguishing or fire alarm systems, etc. Their responsibilities also include adaptation existing programs to suit the needs of a particular organization or user.
2. System programmers develop OS, work with networks, write interfaces to various distributed databases. Specialists in this category are among the rarest and highest paid. Their task is to develop software systems (services) that, in turn, control the computing system (which includes the processor, communications and peripheral devices). The list of tasks also includes ensuring the functioning and operation of the created systems (device drivers, boot loaders, etc.).
3. Web programmers also work with networks, but, in most cases, with global ones - the Internet. They write the software components of websites, create dynamic web pages, web interfaces for working with databases.

Features of the profession

Based on the analysis of mathematical models and algorithms for solving scientific, technical and production problems, the programmer develops programs for performing computational work. Draws up a computational scheme for a method for solving problems, translates solution algorithms into a formalized machine language. Determines the information entered into the machine, its volume, methods for monitoring operations performed by the machine, the form and content of source documents and calculation results. Develops layouts and schemes for input, processing, storage and output of information, conducts desk checks of programs.

Defines a set of data that provides a solution to the maximum number included in this program conditions. Conducts debugging of developed programs, determines the possibility of using ready-made programs developed by other organizations. Develops and implements programming automation methods, standard and standard programs, programming programs, translators, input algorithmic languages.

Performs work on unification and typification of computing processes, participates in the creation of catalogs and cards standard programs, in the development of forms of documents subject to machine processing, in design work to expand the scope of computer technology.

Pros and cons of the profession

Pros:

• high profit payment;
• relatively high demand for specialists;
• sometimes you can get a job without having a higher education;
• is primarily a creative profession.

Minuses:

• you often have to explain the same thing a lot, since what is clear and obvious to the programmer is not always clear and obvious to the user;
• work in emergency mode (sometimes) in a stressful situation;
• the profession leaves a specific imprint on the character, which not everyone around him likes.

Place of work

• IT companies and web studios;
• research centers;
• organizations that include in their structure a staff unit or departments of programmers.

Important qualities

Programming is a rapidly developing field, so a programmer must be able to quickly adapt to current state technology and constantly learn new technologies. Therefore, the ability to self-learn is one of the main skills that a programmer must have. Otherwise, in a few years his value as a specialist will be noticeably lower.

Possession English language at reading level technical documentation is another mandatory requirement for representatives of this profession. For such specialists, the ability to work in a team, on large projects, with collective development tools, and with large financial systems (budgetary, banking, management accounting) is very important. For applicants for the position of lead programmer, project and team management skills, independence, initiative, as well as the ability to bear personal responsibility for the assigned task are desirable.

Programmer training

STEP Computer Academy - IT education as it should be. Since 1999, they are designers and systems engineers who cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence. To do this, in addition to deep specialized knowledge, they are taught to understand tasks, think in ready-made projects and work in a team. And they do everything to ensure that STEP Academy graduates are hired immediately after defending their diplomas.

In this course, you can obtain a programmer profession remotely in 1-3 months. Diploma of professional retraining established by the state. Training in a completely distance learning format. Largest educational institution additional prof. education in Russia.

Online school SkillFactory. Students on the web developer course at SkillFactory. During the training process, students have the opportunity to learn web development skills from an experienced professional, get help from a mentor, and start making money by creating websites and web applications. It is possible to pay in installments or after training.

Classes are taught by practicing Web developers with specialized education and 5 years of experience in their specialty. . 10 years in the education market, 4 million users. All courses can be purchased with interest-free installments for a year. You can also get an IT degree at Geek University and pay for your studies a year after it starts.

In 115 hours you can learn how to create websites and online stores, and earn 120 thousand rubles a month from this. After completing the training, guaranteed employment. Advantages: access to the course forever, 3 specializations at the end, flexible and open schedule of classes, work with a personal mentor, employment is guaranteed with documents.

Universities

Salary

Programmer is one of the most popular and highly paid professions in Russia. Even the least advanced specialist can find a job in accordance with his level of knowledge, and then gradually learn and gain experience. The intern's salary is about $1000. A full-time programmer in a mid-level company (not IT) earns up to $1500-1800, a little more in an organization associated with mass software development. The lead programmer's salary is $2500-3000. The next step is the head of the IT department. The required knowledge is supplemented by mandatory work experience, proficiency foreign language, personnel management skills, etc., and earnings can reach $4,000. A good programmer can become the manager of a large software development project, and here the income level reaches $5,000 or more.

Salary as of 03/19/2020

Russia 50000—160000 ₽

Moscow 60000—240000 ₽

Career steps and prospects

A good start to your career can be joining a group of programmers when developing a project. Large projects often attract the attention of Western companies that “outbid” Russian programmers. For example, once a group of our young scientists developed the Elbrus processor for the Ministry of Defense, but in the end they were all bought up by Intel Corporation, and now our scientists and programmers work abroad, and the Elbrus project itself was slowly closed. The problem of “brain drain” in this profession is one of the most acute.

A programmer can make a career up to the head of a group of programmers (team leader), IT director of an enterprise, IT project manager, etc. During the course of work, a programmer can move within his specialty, improving professionally.

Famous and great programmers

• Knut Donald Erwin
• Matsumoto Yukihiro
• Tanenbaum Andrew
• Raymond Eric Stephen
• Fowler Martin
• Hopper Grace
• Stallman Richard Matthew
• Kay Alan
• Meyer Sid
• Stroustrup Björn

The emergence of programming as an occupation and, especially, as a professional activity is difficult to date unambiguously.

Often considered the first programmable device, the jacquard loom was built in 1804 by Joseph Marie Jacquard, which revolutionized the weaving industry by providing the ability to program patterns on fabrics using punched cards.

The first programmable computing device, the Analytical Engine, was designed by Charles Babbage (but was unable to build it). On July 19, 1843, Countess Ada Augusta Lovelace, daughter of the great English poet George Byron, is believed to have written the first program in human history for the Analytical Engine. This program solved the Bernoulli equation, which expresses the law of conservation of energy of a moving fluid.

In her first and only scientific work, Ada Lovelace examined a large number of issues. A number of general provisions expressed by her (the principle of saving working memory cells, the connection of recurrent formulas with cyclic calculation processes) have retained their fundamental importance for modern programming. Babbage's materials and Lovelace's comments outlined concepts such as subroutine and subroutine library, instruction modification, and index register, which began to be used only in the 1950s.

However, none of the programs written by Ada Lovelace were ever launched.

Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace, is generally considered an honorary first programmer (although, of course, writing a single program cannot be considered an occupation or professional activity by modern standards). History has preserved her name in the name of the universal programming language “Ada”.

The first working programmable computer (1941), the first programs for it, and also (with certain reservations) the first high-level programming language Plankalküll were created by the German engineer Konrad Zuse.

History has not preserved the names of the people who first began to professionally carry out the work of programming itself (in isolation from setting up computer equipment), since at first programming was viewed as a secondary setup operation.

Murphy's Laws for Programmers

1. Nothing works as planned.

2. Nothing is programmed the way it should work.

3. A good programmer is characterized by the ability to prove why a task cannot be completed when he is simply too lazy to complete it.

4. It takes three times less time to solve a problem than to discuss all the pros and cons of its solution.

5. The promised delivery date is the carefully calculated project completion date plus six months.

6. The programmer always knows the sequence of actions by which a user can hang his program, but he never fixes this problem, hoping that no one will ever think of executing this sequence.

7. Real programmers love Windows - all mistakes made due to their own stupidity can be blamed on Microsoft.

8. Consequence - 99% of the problems blamed on Microsoft are a consequence of the stupidity of the programmers themselves.

9. In a fit of anger, for some reason everyone is hitting the innocent monitor instead of the system unit.

10. In the event of a hunger strike, a real programmer will be able to eat food picked out from under the keyboard buttons for another month.

11. A real programmer has already replaced at least three beer-drenched keyboards.

12. Anyone who has problems setting up the encoding is automatically considered Neanderthals.

13. Amateurish conversations about computers cause severe nausea, even vomiting. The question of how to change the “wallpaper” in Windows makes you want to cut the throat of the questioner.

14. For most people who need your help, the reason for the error in the program is purely genetic.

15. HTML, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, RTFM, etc. These are words, not abbreviations.

16. The phrase “mouse-norushka” does not make any sense.

17. The most mystical problems, widely inflated and advertised, in the end turn out to be your stupidest mistakes.

18. Corollary - if your program performs mystical actions, then you did something incredibly stupid.

19. The worst feeling for a programmer is when ten people are standing around you and everyone is trying to find the cause of a problem in your program, and you already understand what the problem is, but you’re afraid to say it because it’s something blatantly stupid...

20. The solution to all life's problems is on the Internet. You just need to be able to search well.

21. A conflict of logical instructions in life causes a fatal error in the work of the programmer’s brain - a rise in temperature and severe dizziness, including vomiting or loss of consciousness, are possible.

22. Programmers despise those who despise programmers more than those who despise programmers despise programmers who despise those who despise them.

23. If you understood the previous one, then you are a programmer.

There are 10 types of people in this world - those who understand binary system numbering, and those who do not understand it.

Video: you're a programmer

I welcome you to my blog again and today I will try to answer the question, how to become a web programmer from scratch as quickly as possible? I’ll say right away that this is possible, in principle, for any person, I don’t see any restrictions in this regard. The most important thing is your desire and perseverance.

First step

First, you need to decide what technologies you need to learn? That is, you must clearly understand what you need to study in order to achieve your goal. Of course, the matter will not end with theory, all the knowledge gained needs to be applied in practice a couple of dozen times - then it will get into your head much better, so it’s even possible to wake you up at night after this and ask: “ how does @keyframes work in css?“—you will tell everything in detail.

So this very first step is to know what you need. To do this, I recommend going to a very popular IT portal - Geekbrains. There, by scrolling the page a little, you can see what areas are taught on the portal. We are interested in the profession of a web developer - this is a web programmer, in essence.

Here at the very bottom you can see what you will study if you pay for the training.
I intentionally cropped this screenshot a little to show you which technologies you need first.

What should a web programmer know?

So, as you can see, this is:

1. HTML/CSS are the basic languages ​​for markup and design of web pages; without them it is impossible to imagine website building. This is the basis, the most simple technologies which you should study first.
2. PHP is the main weapon of a web programmer. This language is used to create social media, online stores, frameworks, engines and much more. It is thanks to it that most online services, comment forms, registration on websites, etc. work.
3. JavaScript is a programming language specifically for the web; with its help, a page can be programmed so that its design changes when different events occur. For example, when you click on the window, it expands, etc. There are a lot of examples that can be given.

Where can I learn all this?

Firstly, I advise you to look where I write, where you can learn the most basic technologies, namely html and css. If you are wondering what html is in general, read.

The best option I see is the same Geekbrains. As you can see, training to become a web developer costs 7 thousand rubles per month and lasts for as many as 11 months, after which, if you haven’t been slacking, you become a truly in-demand specialist. I understand that this may be expensive for most of you, but it is the shortest path to becoming a pro in this profession.

If you decide to study on your own, you can save a lot, and you can also achieve relatively good results. The only negative is that you will have to collect knowledge and courses on different technologies literally piece by piece. For example, in eleven months Geekbrains promises to teach you the following technologies: HTML/CSS, PHP, JS, NodeJS, AngularJS, Yii. On the other hand, you don't need to know it all to find a job. I already said what is the base. This is html, css, php, javascript.

So, where can you learn javascript, and at the same time its most popular library, jquery? The best option I see is purchasing a course from Evgeniy Popov. This is a person who really produces cool training courses, so you can rest assured of the quality. Here is a link to the description page.

PHP

Okay, but regarding PHP I don’t even know what to advise. Mikhail Rusakov has an intelligent course. Perhaps this is it for today the best way to master the technology from scratch to a good level. Although no, the best way is to get training from professionals at the Netology online education center. There they are recruiting students for training in PHP and MySQL. You can sign up here. Naturally, before this you need to pay for training. One of the advantages of this method is that the company will help you find a job after completing your training, you will receive a certificate and full support.

You don't have to know everything

If you have only studied javascript (but not php), you will be able to work as a front-end developer, and if on the contrary, you will try your hand at back-end. In general, even with a little knowledge, you can already earn something from website building, but the more you know, the greater your potential.

I hope in this article I answered your question: “ How to become a web programmer from scratch?"You can find some general principles in my other article. There I write about how important it is to learn from professionals and why this is the best way. Well, I say goodbye to you for today.

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Find out what you will have to do. Typically, programmers write codes for applications that are used in a business, so you should find out how the business works, how it is organized and how its financial system is structured in order to save time.

Explore Various types computer hardware architecture. It will be useful to learn the basics of digital circuit design and computer architecture. However, some experts believe that initial stage This is not necessary, so reading 2-3 articles on this topic will be enough. You can come back to this once you master your first programming language.

Explore programming language basic level. Don't be shy about learning something that's considered childish just because you're older. An example of such a language is Scratch. Such languages ​​will make it easier to work with your first real programming language. However, this step should not be considered mandatory. In addition, you can do this before the previous step.

Learn one of the advanced modeling systems (for example, UML or ORM).

Start writing small console or console-like applications. You can use exercises from programming textbooks. Choose a tool for writing programs in the programming language you work with.

Start applying what you have learned.

Take an introductory course in at least one programming language in a different programming paradigm. You should learn one language in each paradigm, and generally all good programmers do, but all you have to do is start with one, work with it, practice, and then move on to others once you have some real programming experience. Take a closer look at one of the following areas:

• logic programming paradigm;
• functional programming paradigm;
• object-oriented paradigm.