What is float value in CS:GO? All about the float property of a column, Equal height layout

All elements that appear on an HTML page are nothing more than rectangles. And basically only two types:

1. block (blok), which occupy the entire width where they are, and are separated from what is above and below them. For example, these are DIV, P, H tags.
2. built-in (inline). For example, SPAN, STRONG, EM, A and IMG.

tables.

The role of the property increased after the transition from table layout to div layout. This is because float allows a web developer to include columns without having to resort to a table. It can take values right, left, but not center.

Using the display: block; property or display: inline; we are converting one type of rectangle to another. For example, a UL list that has a number of LI blocks can be laid out horizontally:

• PARAGRAPH
• PARAGRAPH
• PARAGRAPH

• PARAGRAPH
• PARAGRAPH
• PARAGRAPH

When using the float property, the rectangle is block-shaped, but with a special feature: its width will not extend to the entire content. For example, an h3 header looks like:

this is HEADER h3

this is HEADER h3

this is HEADER h3

this is HEADER h3

Top text remains unchanged because a floated element cannot be positioned above the line on which it was created.

this is HEADER h3

But the red text is located under the title and it will wrap around it without having any additional styles. And only the height of h3 will be overcome, the page will return to its natural order.

A B C D Several floating elements will follow the sequence of their location.

ABING text...

A B C D If we walk so that the flow around the element stops from a certain moment (from here), the clear property is applied. We can add it to an empty tag

In order to evenly place several block rectangles, we give them the same width.

Tabular layout is very convenient and understandable, which is probably why its analogue display: table; appeared. The same form is obtained with less code.

Now you can see how the image gallery is built. I hope no one has forgotten.

text...

text...

Float is a CSS property for positioning elements. In order to understand its purpose and origin, you can turn to print design. In a print layout, images can be positioned on the page so that text "flows" around them. This is usually called “text wrapping”.

In page layout programs, elements with text can take into account images, as well as ignore them. If they are ignored, the text will appear above the pictures as if they were not there. This is the main difference between whether images are part of the main flow of the page or not. Web design is very similar.

In web design, page elements with the float property set behave exactly like images in print when text "flows" around them. Such elements are part of the main flow of the web page. However, things are different if elements use absolute positioning. Absolutely positioned elements are removed from the main flow of the page, similar to the example above where in printing text ignores images. Such elements do not affect the position of other elements, whether they touch or not.

Setting the float property works like this:

#sidebar ( float: right; )

There are a total of 4 values ​​for the float property. Left and right are used for corresponding directions. None (default) - ensures that the element will not float. And inherit , which says the behavior should be the same as the parent element.

What can float be used for?

In addition to wrapping text around images, float can be used to create the layout of an entire site.

The float property is also useful on a smaller scale. For example, consider a small area on a website page. Let's say you use float for your avatar, when you change the image size, the text size will be adjusted to fit the image.

The same arrangement of objects can be achieved by using positioning. The container object is assigned relative positioning, and the image object is assigned absolute positioning. In this case, the avatar will not affect the position of the text.

Disabling the float property

For float, the related property is clear. Any element that has the clear property set will not be floated to the top as expected, but will appear below the float elements. Perhaps an example in a picture will explain better than words.

In the example, the sidebar is floated to the right (float: right;), and its height is less than the main content area. Therefore, the footer will be raised higher because it has enough height and the float behavior requires it. To fix the situation, it needs to set the clear property, which ensures that the element is displayed below float elements.

#footer ( clear: both; )

The clear property can have four values. Both, the most commonly used, is used to cancel the float of each direction. Left and Right - used to cancel the float of one of the directions. None - default, usually not used unless clear is needed. inherit would be the fifth value, but it's strangely not supported in Internet Explorer. Canceling just a left or right float is much less common, but certainly has its purposes.

Great Collapse

Another amazing thing about the float property is that its use can affect the parent element. If such an element contains only float elements, then it literally collapses, that is, its height is zero. This is not always noticeable unless the parent element has some kind of visible background set.

This collapse seems illogical, but the alternative is even worse. Consider this example:

If the block element at the top automatically expands to accommodate all the float elements, we'll end up with an unnatural gap in the text between paragraphs, with no way to fix it. If this were the case, our designers would complain much more often about this behavior than about the collapse.

Thus, collapsing is almost always necessary to prevent layout difficulties. To change this behavior, you need to add a float canceling element after the float elements, but before closing the parent element.

Ways to cancel float

If you know that after float elements, some other element (for example, a footer) will always be displayed, then you just need to set the property clear: both; , as in the example above, and continue to do your own thing. This is ideal because it does not require any hacks or additional elements. Of course, not everything in our life is so smooth and there are times when this method is not enough. Therefore it is necessary to have several additional ways in your arsenal.

• Empty div method. A literally empty div is used.
  . Sometimes an element can be used in its place
  or whatever, but div is used most often because by default it has no style, no special purpose, and is unlikely to have a general style applied to it via CSS. Fans of semantically pure markup may not like this method, since the presence of an empty div has no contextual meaning and is placed on the page only for design reasons. Of course, strictly speaking, they are right, but he is doing his job and not harming anyone.
• Overflow method. Based on the fact that the parent element needs to set the overflow property. If this property is set to auto or hidden , the parent element will expand to accommodate all float elements. This method looks more semantically correct since it does not require additional elements. However, if you were to use another div just to use this approach (meaning the parent div), then it would be the same as the previous example with adding an empty div. Also, remember that the overflow property has a different purpose. Be careful and don’t allow some of your content to disappear or unnecessary scroll bars to appear.
• Simple cleaning method. This method uses a wonderful pseudo CSS selector- :after. Much better than using overflow on the parent element. You simply give it an additional class, declared like this: .clearfix:after ( content: "."; visibility: hidden; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; ) This method adds invisible content and cancels float And by the way, this is not the whole story about how additional code should be used in older browsers.

And, as you understand, each method is used in different situations. Let's take, for example, a grid of block elements of different types.

For better visual representation It would be nice to combine similar blocks. For example, we want each type to start on a new line, in our case the element type is determined by color. We can use the overflow method or the "simple clearing method" if each group has its own container element. Or we can use the empty div method between each of the groups. Three container elements, or three empty divs, which is better for your task is up to you.

Problems with floats

People often try to bypass Floats because they need to be worked with very carefully. Most of the bugs came with IE6. As more and more web designers stop supporting IE6, you may not be concerned about these issues. But for those who care, here's a short list.

Alternatives to float

If you need text to wrap around a picture, there are no alternatives. But for page layout, there are definitely choices. There are some very interesting approaches that combine the flexibility of float with the power of absolute positioning. CSS3 has something called Template Layout Module, which will provide a worthy alternative to float in the future.

A couple of years ago, when developers first started moving to tableless HTML markup, the CSS float property suddenly took on a very important role. The reason the float property became so common was because, by default, block elements did not line up next to each other in a column-based format. Since columns are required in virtually every CSS schema, this property has become used to - and even abused.

Property float in CSS, allows the developer to include table-like columns in HTML markup without using tables. If not for the property float, then CSS layouts would not be possible other than using absolute and relative positioning - which would be sloppy and make the layout layout unmaintainable.

In this article we will tell you what is a property float and how it affects elements in specific contexts. We'll also take a look at some of the differences that may arise with this property across the most commonly used browsers. Finally, we'll demonstrate a few practical applications properties float. This should also provide a comprehensive and thorough discussion of this property and its impact on CSS development.

CSS Float Property Definition and Syntax

The purpose of the float property is to push a block element to the left or right, taking it out of the document flow. This allows the current content to naturally collapse around the floating element. This concept is similar to what you see every day in printed literature, where photographs and other graphic elements are aligned to one side and the content (usually text) flows naturally around the element aligned around the left or right edge.

The image above shows the “Readers” section of the .net magazine site with 3 reader photos that are left aligned in their columns with text wrapping around the images. This is the basic idea behind the float property in CSS layouts, and it demonstrates one of the techniques used in tabular design.

The effectiveness of using floats in multi-column layouts was explained by Douglas Bowman in 2004 in his classic presentation No More Tables:

Bowman explained the principles behind tableless layout, using an old Microsoft site as a reference. Floats were prominently used in his false overhaul of Microsoft markup.

Syntax

The Float property can take one of 4 values: left, right, none, and inherit. This is declared as shown in the code below:

#sidebar ( float: left; )

The most commonly used values ​​are left and right. The value none or the initial float value for any HTML page element is the default value. The inherit value, which can be applied to almost every CSS property, does not work in versions of Internet Explorer, including 7.

The float property does not require any other property to be applied to the float element, however, in order to function correctly, float will work more efficiently under certain circumstances.

Typically, a floating element should have explicitly set width(unless it's a replaced element , like an image). This ensures that float behaves as expected and helps avoid problems in some browsers.

#sidebar ( float: left; width: 350px; )

Features of floating elements

The following is a list of the behavior of floating elements, according to the CSS2 specification:

A left-floated block will be floated to the left until its left edge (or edge boundary if there is no edge) touches either the edge of the block's contents or the edge of another floated block

If the size of a floated block exceeds the available horizontal space, then the floated block will be shifted down

Non-positioned, non-floated block elements act like floating elements, i.e. is outside the document flow

The edges of a floated block will not match the edges of adjacent blocks

Root element( ) cannot be floated

An inline element, one that is floated, is converted to a block element

Float in practice

The most common use case for the float property is to float an image with text wrapping it. For example:

Aenean ultricies mi vitae est. Mauris placerat eleifend leo. Quisque sit amet est et sapien ullamcorper pharetra. Vestibulum erat wisi, condimentum sed, commodo vitae, ornare sit amet, wisi. Aenean fermentum, elit eget tincidunt condimentum, eros ipsum rutrum orci, sagittis tempus lacus enim ac dui.

Donec non enim in turpis pulvinar facilisis. Ut felis. Praesent dapibus, neque id cursus faucibus, tortor neque egestas augue, eu vulputate magna eros eu erat. Aliquam erat volutpat. Nam dui mi, tincidunt quis, accumsan porttitor, facilisis luctus, metus.

The CSS applied to the image in the box above looks like this:

img ( float: left; margin: 0 15px 5px 0; border: solid 1px #bbb; )

The only property that can achieve this effect is the float property. The other properties (margin and border) are there for aesthetic reasons. Other elements in the block (tags

With text in them) do not need any styles.

As mentioned earlier, floated elements are pushed out of the flow of the document, and other block elements remain in the flow, acting as if the floated element were not even there. This is demonstrated visually below:

This box is floated left

This

Element has a different background color to show that it spans the width of its parent, ignoring the floated element. This inline text, however, wraps around the floated box.

In the above example

block-level element, so it ignores the floated element spanning the width of the container (minus padding). All non-floated, block-type elements will behave similarly.

The text in a paragraph is inline, so it wraps the floated element. The floated block is also given margin options to offset it from the paragraph, making it visually clean so that the paragraph element ignores the floated block.

Cleaning floats

Layout problems with floats are usually solved using CSS clear property, which allows you to “remove” floated elements from the left or right or both sides.

Let's look at an example that comes up often - the footer wraps around right side 2-clonal markup:

Left column floated left

If you look at the IE6 and IE7 page, you won't see any problems. The left and right columns are in place, and the footer is at the bottom. But in Firefox, Opera, Safari and Chrome, you will see that the footer moves out of place. This is caused by applying float to the columns. This is correct behavior, although it is more problematic. To solve this problem, we use the above clear property, relative to the footer:

#footer ( clear: both; )

The result is shown below:

Left column floated left

Right column also floated left

The clear property will clear only floated elements, so applying clear: both to both columns would not cause the footer to drop down, because the footer is not a floated element.

The clear property will clear only floated elements. The use of clear is this: both columns will not omit the footer because it is not a floated element.

So use clear on non-floated elements, and even sometimes on floated elements, to force page elements to occupy their designated positions.

Fixing Parent Dropout

One of the most common features of float markup is “leave-parent”. This is demonstrated in the example below:

Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam egestas semper.

Notice that the base of the floated image appears outside its parent. The parent is not fully expanded to contain a floated image. This is caused by what we discussed earlier: the floated element is outside the natural flow of the document, although all the elements of the block are displayed, but the floated element is not there. This is not a CSS bug, everything is according to the CSS specifications. All browsers do the same in this example. It should be said that, in this example, adding container width can prevent the problem in IE, but it should also solve the problem for Firefox, Opera, Safari, or Chrome.

Solution 1: Float for container

The simplest way to solve this problem is to float the parent element:

Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam egestas semper.

Now the container expands to fit everything child elements. But unfortunately, this fix will only work in a limited number of cases, since the floating parent may have undesirable consequences for your layout.

Solution 2: Add Additional Markup

This is an outdated method, but it is a simple option. Simply add an additional element to the bottom of the container and "clean" it. This is what the HTML code will look like after implementing this method:

XHTML

Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum tortor quam, feugiat vitae, ultricies eget, tempor sit amet, ante. Donec eu libero sit amet quam egestas semper.

And as a result, the CSS is applied to the new elements:

Clearfix ( clear: both; )

You can also do this via
tag with the current style. Either way, you will get the desired result: the parent container will expand to include all of its children. But this method is not recommended because it adds non-semantic code to your markup.

Solution 3: The after pseudo-element

:after pseudo-element adds an element to the completed HTML page. This method has been used quite widely to solve float-clearing problems. This is what the CSS looks like:

Clearfix:after ( content: "."; display: block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; )

The CSS class “clearfix” applies to any container that has float children and does not expand to include them.

But this method does not work for Internet Explorer up to version 7, so for IE you need to use one of the following options:

Clearfix ( display: inline-block; ) .clearfix ( zoom: 1; )

Depending on the type of problem, you are dealing with one of two solutions that will resolve this issue in Internet Explorer. It should be noted that the zoom property is not a standard Microsoft property and therefore your CSS will become invalid.

Since the :after pseudo element doesn't work in IE6/7, the code is a bit bloated and tricky, and additional styling is required that is not valid for IE only, so this solution is not the best way, but probably the best we've looked at so far.

Solution 4: Overflow Property

By far the best and easiest way to solve the parent dropout problem is to add overflow: hidden or overflow: auto to the parent element. It's clear, easy to maintain, works in almost all browsers, and doesn't add any unnecessary markup.

Notice that I said "almost" in all browsers. This is because it doesn't work in IE6. But, in many cases, the parent container will have a set width, which fixes the problem in IE6. If the parent container doesn't have a width, you can add an IE6 single style with the following code:

// This fix is ​​for IE6 only .clearfix ( height: 1%; overflow: visible; )

In IE6, the height property is incorrectly treated as min-height, so this forces the container to include its children. The Overflow property is then set back to “visible” to ensure that the content is not hidden or scrolled over.

The only downside to using the overflow method (in any browser) is the possibility that the element's content will have scroll bars or hide content. If there are any elements with negative margins or absolute positioning in the parent, they will be hidden if they extend beyond the parent, so this method should be used carefully. It should also be noted that if the contained element had a specified height or min-height, then you definitely wouldn't be able to use the overflow method.

So it's not really a simple cross-browser solution this problem. But almost any float cleaning problem can be solved by one of the above methods.

Related float errors in Internet Explorer

Over the years there have been numerous articles published online discussing common mistakes related to float in CSS markup. All of them, not surprisingly, deal with problems specific to Internet Explorer. Below, you will find a list of links to a number of articles that discuss float-related issues:

Changing the float property using JavaScript

in order to change CSS value in JavaScript, you must access an object's style by transforming the intended CSS property into a "Camel case" For example, the CSS property "margin-left" becomes marginLeft, the background-color property becomes BackgroundColor, and so on. But with the float property, things are different because the word float is already reserved in JavaScript. Therefore the following will be incorrect:

Style. styleFloat = "left" ;

// For all other browsers

myDiv. style. cssFloat = "left" ;

Practical Use of Float

Floats can be used to solve a number of problems in CSS markup. Some examples are described here.

2-column, fixed width

3 Columns, Equal Height Layout

Floated image with title.

Similar to what we discussed earlier in Float in Practice, Max Design describes how floating an image with a title allows text to wrap around it naturally.

Horizontal navigation with unordered lists

The float property is a key component in coding sprite-based horizontal navigation bars. Line25's Chris Spooner describes the creation of Menu of Awesomeness, which tags