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Social statuses and roles Plan. Social status of the individual. Social roles of the individual. Socialization of personality. Who teaches us to play by the rules?
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Status is a certain position in the social structure of a group or society, connected to other positions through a system of rights and responsibilities. Status set is the totality of all statuses of a given individual.
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The main status is the most characteristic status for a given individual, by which others distinguish him or with which they identify him. Researcher police director of a commercial bank
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Personal status is the position that a person occupies in a small, or primary, group, depending on how he is assessed by his individual qualities. Social status is the position a person automatically occupies as a representative of a large social group(professional, class, national).
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Social and personal statuses may or may not coincide. Doctor N. has a high professional status, since his specialty is prestigious, but in the karate sports section, where he practices twice a week, he is treated as an outsider.
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An ascribed status (also called ascriptive) is the status into which a person is born or which is assigned to him over time. The ascribed status does not coincide with the natural one. Only three social statuses are considered natural: gender, nationality, race. (Negro, male, Russian)
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King is an ascribed status. Why? And the prince, the count? It is more correct to talk about ascribed rather than innate status. Innate statuses: “son”, “daughter”, “sister”, “brother”, “nephew”, “uncle”, “grandmother” and all “relatives in law”. You can only become a “relative in law” through marriage. What about the statuses of stepdaughter, stepson, godfather, godmother?
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Innate is a biologically inherited status, and ascribed is a socially acquired status, but the same in name as innate. Son is both a natural and ascribed status. To avoid confusion, sociologists have agreed to call both types of status the same - ascribed status
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Emperor Head of the Catholic Church Senator President Father-in-law Husband Ukrainian Prince Duke Boyar Oprichnik Nobleman
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Social roles of the individual The whole world is a theater. There are women, men, all actors. They have exits and exits. And everyone plays more than one role. Shakespeare
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A pattern of behavior focused on a specific status is called a status role, or simply a role. An individual who occupies a high position in society, as measured by his height, or rank, in terms of the power, income, education and prestige available to him, is the most anxious to live up to his status and behave appropriately. The set of roles performed by a person is called a role set (role repertoire).
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What factors determine a role set? circumstances age environment image Are status symbols and social status interconnected?
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GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL SITUATION OF AN INDIVIDUALS. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIAL STATUS AND SOCIAL ROLE AS TOOLS FOR STUDYING SOCIAL PROCESSES. THEORY OF ROLE CONFLICTS IN THE STUDY OF PERSONAL BEHAVIOR AND IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.
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BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMS. BASIC CONCEPTS: SOCIAL STATUS, SOCIAL ROLE, ROLE SET, ROLE CONFLICT, SOCIALIZATION. TERMS: AUTHORITY, PRESTIGE, MANIPULATION.
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Individual - individuality - personality Individual - each individual person Individuality - the uniqueness of each person Personality - the social characteristics of a person (views, abilities, needs, interests, moral beliefs...)
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Structure of the personality psyche According to Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939) I IT Super-ego the sphere of the unconscious, biological needs, repressed desires, consciousness that helps us contact the outside world, regulate our actions, cultural norms and values created by society and acting as a censor in behavior human libido mortido
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SOCIAL STATUS OF AN PERSON. THE POSITION OF A PERSON IN SOCIETY, RELATING TO AGE, GENDER, SOCIAL ORIGIN AND IMPOSING CERTAIN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES, IS CALLED SOCIAL STATUS. STUDENT SON, BROTHER. YOUNG MAN ATHLETE ONE OF THE POSITIONS FOR A PERSON DETERMINES HIS SOCIAL AND MAIN STATUS
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SOCIAL STATUS OF PERSONALITY STATUS FROM BIRTH - PRESCRIBED GENDER, RACE, AGE NEW ACHIEVED STATUS, STATUS MAY CONFLICT - GOOD EDUCATION - JOB - LOW SALARY. STARTING CONDITIONS ARE IMPORTANT - FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE
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SOCIAL STATUS OF AN PERSON PRESTIGE - ASSESSMENT BY SOCIETY OR A SOCIAL GROUP OF THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF POSITIONS OCCUPED BY PEOPLE AUTHORITY THE DEGREE OF RECOGNITION BY A GROUP OR SOCIETY OF PERSONAL AND BUSINESS QUALITIES OF AN INDIVIDUAL.
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SOCIAL ROLES OF THE PERSON. FROM A PERSON OCCUPATING A CERTAIN SOCIAL POSITION, AN APPROPRIATE POSITION IS EXPECTED, AN EXPECTATION, A PRESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOR APPROPRIATE TO THE STATUS IS CALLED A SOCIAL ROLE ROLE CONFLICT REQUIREMENT TO ADHERE TO DIFFICULTLY COMPATIBLE ROLES SOVO SUMMARY OF ROLES - ROLE SET THE ROLE SET OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS DETERMINED BY MANY FACTORS, ONE OF THEM IS AGE
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SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY MASTERING A SET OF ROLES BY A PERSON IS CONNECTED WITH THE ASSUMPTION OF SOCIAL NORMS THE PROCESS OF ASSUMPTION OF BEHAVIOR PATTERNS, SOCIAL ROLES AND NORMS, SPIRITUAL VALUES IS CALLED SOCIALIZATION CHILDHOOD - FROM 1 YEARS TO 8. IMITATION IN ADULTS. STAGE 1 8-9 YEARS OLD GAME BY THE RULES. COMPREHENSION OF MORAL STANDARDS, SPIRIT. VALUES. SOCIALIZATION ACCOMPANIES A PERSON ENTIRE LIFE - LEARNING NEW ROLES.
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WHO TEACHES US TO “PLAY BY THE RULES” FAMILY PEERS SCHOOL THE MASS MEDIA HOWEVER, IT IS NECESSARY TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE MEDIA CAN SERVE AS A MEANS OF MANIPULATION, THAT IS, AN IMPLICIT INFLUENCE ON THE INDIVIDUALS
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SOCIAL ADAPTATION. ONE OF THE SIDES OF SOCIALIZATION IS SOCIAL ADAPTATION. SOCIAL ADAPTATION - ADJUSTMENT IS THE PROCESS OF A PERSON’S ADAPTATION TO A CHANGING SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT WITH THE HELP OF VARIOUS SOCIAL MEANS. THE SUSTAINABLE PROPERTIES OF THE NEW ENVIRONMENT ARE ASSOCIATED. THE VALUES OF THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ARE ACCEPTED. INDICATORS OF SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION - SOCIAL ABILITATION. ROLE, HIGH SOC. STATUS.
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SOCIAL ROLES
MBOU "Lyceum No. 12", Novosibirsk teacher of the VKK Stadnichuk T.M.
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“The whole world is a theater. There are women, men, all actors. They have exits and exits. And everyone plays more than one role.” William Shakespeare, English writer (1564-1616)
Like all people, I simultaneously perform several roles, and all of them are characteristic of me. Bernard Shaw, English writer (1856-1950)
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SOCIAL ROLE
E.P. Leonov (1926 -1994) - Soviet and Russian theater and film actor.
"DO NOT BE SAD!"
"GENTLEMEN OF FORTUNE"
"ORDINARY MIRACLE"
"KIN-DZA-DZA!"
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SOCIAL ROLE
The concept of “social role” was introduced in the first half of the 19th century. American scientist R. Linton. The German philosopher F. Nietzsche uses this word in a completely sociological sense: “The concern for maintaining existence imposes a strictly defined role on the majority of male Europeans...”
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE (1844 - 1900) - German thinker, philologist
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SOCIAL ROLE
Social status is a characteristic of a person’s inclusion in social structure. In real life, a person’s status is manifested through the roles he plays = appropriate behavior.
SOCIAL ROLE – a set of requirements that society places on individuals occupying a specific social position.
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SOCIAL ROLE
The teacher is obliged to follow the orders of the director, not be late for his lessons, prepare for them conscientiously, be quite demanding and fair, etc.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
The American sociologist R. Merton was the first to draw attention to the fact that each social status has not one social role, but several, and this position became the basis of the theory of a set of roles.
ROBERT KING MERTON (1910 - 2003) is one of the most famous American sociologists of the 20th century.
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
Usually a person plays several roles in society. For example, a man - in a family he can be a husband and father; at work - as a boss or subordinate; in his professional activities he can be a doctor and a patient of another doctor;
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
The main characteristics of the social role were highlighted by the American sociologist T. Parsons. He proposed five characteristics of any role: level of emotionality; method of receipt; scale of manifestation; degree of formalization; motivation
TALCOTT PARSONS (1902 - 1979) - American sociologist and theorist
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
LEVEL OF EMOTIONALITY – some roles require unemotional, restrained behavior, while others require expressiveness
FEDERAL JUDGE
MUSICIAN
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
THE WAY TO OBTAIN a role depends on how inevitable the role is for the person.
OLD MAN
STUDENTS
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
THE SCALE OF THE ROLE depends on the range of interpersonal relationships - strictly limited or vague.
SELLER BUYER
SPOUSES
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
FORMALIZATION - some arise spontaneously in the process of communication, based on education, upbringing, interests; the second - on the basis of administrative and legal norms.
FRIENDS
POLICE
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TYPES OF SOCIAL ROLES
MOTIVATION depends on the needs and motives of a person. Any benefit can be considered as a motivation: public good, personal profit, etc.
SUPERVISOR
PARENTS
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GENDER BEHAVIOR
GENDER - (from the Latin genus "genus") is a set of social and cultural norms that society requires people to comply with depending on their biological sex.
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GENDER BEHAVIOR
Boys and girls are raised differently, with different skills. Thus, boys are more often taught to handle various household tools, and girls are taught to cook and sew.
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GENDER BEHAVIOR
Gender roles also prescribe certain manners and gestures, speech patterns, and appropriate clothing.
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GENDER BEHAVIOR
Armand du Plessis and Cardinal Richelieu are one and the same person. In addition to government activities, this de facto ruler of France was fond of embroidery. The Richelieu technique is his invention, named after the author.
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COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL STATUS
A role is considered as a set of requirements that are put forward in relation to a person occupying a certain social status
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SOCIAL ROLE
Normative structure of fulfilling a social role: descriptions of behavior characteristic of a given role; prescriptions – requirements for behavior; assessment of performance of the prescribed role; sanctions for violation of prescribed requirements.
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SOCIAL ROLE
ROLE EXPECTATIONS – what, according to the rules of the game, is expected from a particular role.
ROLE BEHAVIOR – what a person does as part of his role.
There is not always a match between behavior and role expectations, and therefore society creates a SYSTEM OF SOCIAL CONTROL - punishment for deviation from role expectations
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FORMS OF ROLE EXPRESSION
PERFORMANCE OF A ROLE – taking on a role can be voluntary, voluntary-forced or forced.
POLITICIAN
A PRISONER
GARBAGE MAN
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FORMS OF ROLE EXPRESSION
When your parents forbid you to return home after 11 pm, they force you to do homework that you hate, don’t think that they are in a bad mood or that they don’t love you. They are simply fulfilling their social role.
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FORMS OF ROLE EXPRESSION
IDENTIFICATION WITH ROLE - a person identifies himself differently: with some (personally significant) more (role identification), with others (minor) less (distancing from the role).
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FORMS OF ROLE EXPRESSION
TRAINING (MASTERING) ROLES – a set of practical actions. The process of learning appropriate behavior lasts a lifetime.
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ROLE CONFLICT
Role conflict is a negative experience that appears as a struggle between parts of a person’s inner world. In sociology there are: inter-role conflict, intra-role conflict, situational-role conflict
ROLE CONFLICT is a clash of role demands placed on an individual, caused by the multiplicity of social roles simultaneously performed by him.
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Social statuses and roles
Gavrilova Anna Vladimirovna, teacher of history and social studies
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 11
Nizhny Novgorod 2010
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A person interacts with different people and social groups every day. In each group, he occupies a corresponding position, determined by relationships with other members of the group. To analyze the degree of inclusion of an individual in various groups, as well as the positions he occupies in each of them, the concepts of social status and social role are used.
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Social status is the position of a person in society, occupied by him in accordance with age, gender, origin, profession, marital status.
Status (from Latin status - position, condition) - the position of a citizen
Each social status has a certain prestige
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Status
Acquired (achieved)
Prescribed (attributed)
the status a person received at birth (gender, race, nationality)
born (son)
a status that a person acquires regardless of his desire (age, status in the family); it can change over the course of his life
status that a person achieves through his efforts (position, post)
Inborn
acquired (adult)
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Statuses
basic
not main (episodic)
determining life activity
influencing details of behavior
pedestrian, passerby, patient, witness, participant in a demonstration, strike or crowd, reader, listener, television viewer, etc.
mother, businessman, Ukrainian, man, teenager, lawyer, student
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Social mobility
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Role (French role) - an image embodied by an actor. The whole world is a theater. There are women, men - all actors. They have their own exits, exits, and each plays more than one role. (W. Shakespeare, Jacques' monologue from the comedy "As You Like It") A social role is the behavior expected of someone who has a certain social status. A social role is a set of requirements imposed on an individual by society, as well as actions that must be performed a person who occupies a given status in a social system. A person can have many roles!
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Status and role are two sides of the same phenomenon: if status is a set of rights, privileges and responsibilities, then a role is an action within the framework of this set of rights and responsibilities.
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Parents' Expectations
Friends' expectations
Social role and social status of a personMaterials for preparing for the Unified State Exam
Teacher: Dzhebko G.P.
Municipal educational institution "Sakhaptinskaya secondary school"
Nazarovsky district, Krasnoyarsk region
1. The concept of “social role”.
2. The structure of the social role.
3. The main roles of a person in society (role set).
4. Role expectation and role performance.
5. Role unity and role conflict.
6. Social sanctions and their significance in public life. Social role is what is expected
in a given society from every person,
occupying a certain place
in the social system (expected behavior).
Structure
social role
1) Description of the type of behavior,
appropriate for the given role;
2) Requirements for behavior;
3) Assessing the performance of the prescribed role;
4) Sanctions – social consequences of that
or other action (moral, legal,
political, etc.) The whole world is a theater.
There are women, men, all actors.
They have exits and exits.
And everyone plays more than one role.
Seven acts in that play.
Baby, schoolboy, youth, lover,
soldier, judge, old man.
Shakespeare
The set of roles performed by a person is called
role-playing set
The main social roles include the following:
worker, owner, consumer, family member Role-playing
expectation
Role-playing
execution
if it doesn't match
expectations
ROLE
conflict
should encourage
person to
a certain type
behavior
sanctions Plan of the topic “Social status”
1. The concept of “social status”.
2. Status set.
3. Types of social status:
a) prescribed;
b) achieved (acquired)
3. Social and personal status.
4. Prestige and authority. Social status is a person’s position in society,
which he occupies in accordance with his age, gender,
profession, origin, income level, marital status
etc., providing certain rights and obligations
student
main status
young
Human
Brother
grandson
Schoolboy
member
sports
sections
status set Status
Prescribed
Achievable
floor
profession
age
nationality
race
place of work
education
Family status Social
status
The situation that
person occupies
in society as
representative
great social
groups
Prestige
(recognition by society
positions,
occupied by groups or
people in society).
Private
status
Human position
in small social
group, his assessment
according
with personal
qualities
Authority
(recognition by society
personal and business qualities
person)
