Presentation for the lesson "social structure and social relationships." Presentation on the topic "social structure and social relations" Trends in the development of social relations

Slide 2

Plan

Social stratification.
Social stratification according to K. Marx and M. Weber.
Social mobility and social “elevators”.
Lumpens and outcasts.
Trends in the development of social relations.

Slide 3

What do you think the process of growing up in society means?

Slide 4

The division of society into groups is called social differentiation

Slide 5

Think of societies in terms of social differentiation.

The first group represents primitive society.
The second group represents the slave society.
The third group represents feudal society.
The fourth group represents capitalist society

Slide 6

Here is a diagram of medieval society. Comment on it from a social point of view

differentiation.

Slide 7

A large group of people located in a certain position is called a stratum (layer), and a set of social layers located in a vertical order is called social stratification.

Slide 8

Remember and name the causes of inequality.

Imagine that you are present at a discussion club meeting that is discussing the problem of inequality. The following point of view has been submitted for your discussion - a modern English political scientist claims: “The entire history of mankind proves that inequality is necessary to achieve a certain ideal of human perfection, both individual and collective.” Divide into two groups: critics and positivists, discuss the problem of unequal distribution of wealth between people, give arguments in defense of your position.

Slide 9

Is inequality removable? Should we strive for this? Express your opinion, supporting it with arguments.

Slide 10

Types of social stratification

Economic stratification (expressed in differences in income, living standards, the existence of rich, poor and middle layers of the population);

Political stratification (dividing society into managers and governed, political leaders and the masses);

Professional stratification (identification of different groups in society according to their type of activity, occupation).

Slide 11

Group assignments

The first group is “Social stratification according to K. Marx” (point 2 § 1).
The second group is “Social stratification according to M. Weber” (paragraph 3 § 1, document to the paragraph on p. 15).
The third group is “Social stratification from the point of view of modern sociologists” (additional material).

Slide 12

Lessons 1-3. Social structure and social relations

Social science

Social stratification .

Social stratification according to K. Marx and

M. Weber .

Social mobility and

social "elevators".

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Lumpens and outcasts.

Trends in the development of social relations.

The division of society into groups is called social differentiation

Imagine society from the point of view of social differentiation.

The first group represents primitive society.
The second group represents the slave society.
The third group represents feudal society.
The fourth group represents capitalist society

A large group of people in a certain position is called stratum (layer), and the totality of social strata arranged in a vertical order - social stratification .

Remember and name the causes of inequality.

Imagine that you are attending a discussion club meeting. The following point of view has been brought to your discussion - a modern English political scientist asserts: “The entire history of mankind proves that inequality is necessary for the achievement of some ideal of human perfection, both individual and collective.”

Divide into two groups: critics and positivists , discuss the problem of uneven distribution of wealth between people, give arguments in defense of your position.

Is inequality removable? Should we strive for this? Express your opinion, supporting it with arguments.

Types of social stratification

economic stratification (expressed in differences in income, living standards, in the existence of rich, poor and middle layers of the population);

political stratification (division of society into managers and governed, political leaders and the masses);

professional stratification (identification of various groups in society according to their type of activity, occupation).

Types of stratification systems

Slavery
Castes
Estates
Classes

Slavery - an extreme form of inequality, when some individuals are the property of others.
Caste– a group whose members are related by origin or legal status, membership of which is hereditary, the transition from one caste to another is practically impossible. (endogamy)

Historical types of social stratification:

Estate- a group that has rights and obligations that are fixed by custom or law and are inheritable. Estates were based on land ownership. A characteristic feature of the class is the presence of social symbols and signs: titles, uniforms, orders, ranks.
Classes arise depending on the difference in the economic status of groups of individuals, inequality in ownership and control of economic resources.

Group assignments

First group- “Social stratification according to K. Marx” (point 2 § 1).

Second group- “Social stratification according to M. Weber”

(clause 3 § 1, document to paragraph on p. 15).

Third group- “Social stratification from the point of view

modern sociologists" (additional material).

The strata differ:

The classes differ:

by income level;

main features of lifestyle

inclusion in power structures;

property relations;

social prestige;

self-assessment of one’s position in society.

by place in the system of social production;

relation to the means of production;

roles in the social organization of labor;

according to the methods and amounts of wealth obtained.

The totality of social movements of people in society called social mobility.

What questions did we cover in class?
List the key concepts of the lesson.
The world has developed various options long-term social policy. Each country solves its problems in its own way. After listening to the material, discuss each of the social policy options, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. Which option do you think is preferable? Give reasons for your position.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL RELATIONS. SOCIAL STUDY LESSON. PROFILE LEVEL. GRADE 11. MOU ILYINSKAYA SECONDARY SCHOOL. TEACHER SMIRNOV EVGENY BORISOVICH. SMIRHOV.

THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF STUDYING THE PROBLEM OF PEOPLE'S ATTITUDES TO CERTAIN GROUPS. MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE OR GROUPS IN SOCIAL SPACE. FORMATION AND DISCOVERY OF SEPARATE GROUPS. THE ESSENCE AND MANIFESTATIONS OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO ANALYZING THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY - TEACHINGS OF K. MARX AND M. WEBER.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. PRIMITIVE SOCIETY. SEPARATION OF GROUPS WITH PRIVILEGES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. (LEADERS - CLOSED, OUTSTANDING) SUBSIDE STAGES - INCREASING SOCIAL stratification. THE DIFFERENCE OF GROUPS IS NOT ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS BUT ALSO IN ACCESS TO ECONOMIC RESOURCES OF SOCIETY; POLITICAL POWER, EDUCATION AND OTHER SOCIAL GOODS. DEPENDING ON THE POSSESSION OF RESOURCES AND BENEFITS, PEOPLE ARE ARRANGED ALONG THE SCALE OF INEQUALITY. POSITION ON THIS SCALE—STRATE (LAYER)—A SUMMARY OF SOCIAL STRATS LOCATED VERTICALLY—SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. THE TERM STRATIFICATION IS BORROWED BY SOCIOLOGISTS FROM GEOLOGY, BUT CRITICS OF THIS POINT OF VIEW BELIEVE THAT THE SPECIFICITY OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IS THAT IT REFLECTS THE PRINCIPLE OF INEQUALITY. VARIOUS ASSESSMENTS OF INEQUALITY 1.UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH BETWEEN PEOPLE IS THE RESULT OF AN UNFAIR SOCIAL ORDER—LEADS TO INCREASED CONFLICTS IN SOCIETY. A layer of idle people appears 2. INEQUALITY STIMULATES COMPETITION, STRENGTHENS THE DESIRE OF CAPABLE PEOPLE TO PROMOTE TO KEY POSTS IN SOCIETY. YOUR ASSESSMENT OF THIS PHENOMENON AND THE REASONS FOR THE APPEARANCE OF INEQUALITY?

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. IS INEQUALITY REMOVABLE? 1. MARISSM IS BASED ON THE NECESSITY TO DESTROY INEQUALITY. TO DO THIS, IT IS NECESSARY TO DESTROY PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION AND CHANGE THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS. 2.INEQUALITY IS VALUED AS A POSITIVE PHENOMENON. SOCIAL HOMOGENEOUSITY WILL LEAD SOCIETY TO DEATH. 3. PROCESSES OF SOCIAL stratification CAN BE REGULATED

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. ITS TYPES OF ECONOMIC - DIFFERENCES IN INCOME LEVEL, LIVING STANDARD, EXISTENCE OF RICH AND POOR. POLITICAL STRATIFICATION - DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO MANAGERS AND THE MANAGED, POLITICAL LEADERS AND THE MASS PROFESSIONAL STRATIFICATION - DISTRIBUTION IN SOCIETY OF GROUPS BY THEIR TYPE OF ACTIVITY

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO MARX. K. MARX CONSIDERED THE MAIN FORM OF STRATIFICATION - SOCIAL CLASS. IN THE ERA OF ENLIGHTENMENT - THE DISTRIBUTION THEORY OF CLASSES - THE MAIN SEPARATOR WAS THE SIZE AND FORM OF INCOME. THREE CLASSES WERE DISTINCTED: 1.FEUDALS. 2. BOURGEOISIE. 3. WORKERS.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO MARX. K. MARX CREATED A NEW THEORY OF CLASSES BASED ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF OWNERSHIP TO THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION. PROPERTY CLASS BOURGEOISIE. CLASS DISPROPERATED WORKING CLASS. ANTAGONISM PROPERTY IS THE RESULT OF EXPLOITATION AND ITS APPROPRIATION HAS BEEN POSSIBLE AS A RESULT OF THE POLITICAL DOMINANCE OF THE OWNER CLASS.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO MARX. THUS, ACCORDING TO MARX, OBJECTIVE, FIRST OF ALL ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINE CLASS STRATIFICATION. AT THE same time, HE ALSO TOOK INTO ACCOUNT THE SUBJECTIVE FACTOR—CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS. SUBSEQUENTLY, THE IDEA OF CONSIDERING PROPERTY RELATIONS AS THE BASIS FOR DISTINGUISHING SOCIAL CLASSES, SOUNDED IN MARXISM, WAS ACCEPTED BY SOCIOLOGISTS, BUT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LEAD TO THE CREATION OF NEW THEORIES.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO WEBER. M. WEBER, LIKE MARX, DISTRIBUTED CLASSES USED THE CRITERION OF WEALTH – ACCUMULATED INCOME. BUT HE LINKED THIS INDICATOR TO BOTH THE ATTITUDE TO OWNERSHIP OF PRODUCTION MEANS AND TO THE MARKET SYSTEM, FIRST OF ALL TO THE LABOR MARKET. PEOPLE WHO DO NOT POSSESS PROPERTY CAN OBTAIN IT USING KNOWLEDGE AND QUALIFICATIONS - TAKE A LIFE CHANCE. IN ADDITION TO CLASSES, WEBER IDENTIFIES STATUS GROUPS - CASTES, CLASSES, BUREAUCRACY CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GROUPS: 1. NATIONALITY, 2. TERRITORY, 3 RELIGION, 4. BELONGING TO A PROFESSION, THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS AND CRITERIA FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION PHENOMENA THERE IS PRESTIGE - THE ASSESSMENT OF THEIR SOCIAL POSITION BY PUBLIC OPINION.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO WEBER. IF CLASSES DIFFER IN LIFE CHANCES, THEN STATUS GROUPS DIFFER IN STYLE (WAY OF LIFE). CLASS AND STATUS POSITIONS DO NOT ALWAYS COMBINE - (ARISTOCRACY) WEBER HIGHLIGHTED ANOTHER TYPE OF STRATIFICATION, BASED ON POWER - GROUPS INFLUENCED POLITICAL DECISION MAKING (ELITE) AND THOSE DEprived OF THIS WEBER'S APPROACH TO STRATIFICATION TION IS BASED ON THREE MAIN CRITERIA: 1. PROPERTY 2 PRESTIGE 3. POWER. THERE ARE RESEARCHERS WHO BELIEV THAT MARX'S THEORY HAS ADVANTAGES OVER WEBER'S. - P.15- SOURCE.

SOCIAL MOBILITY AND SOCIAL “ELEVATORS” SOCIAL MOBILITY - TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUP TO ANOTHER HORIZONTAL MOBILITY - TRANSITION TO A GROUP AT ONE LEVEL VERTICAL MOBILITY - MOVEMENT FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER. 1. SOCIAL Descent 2. SOCIAL UP. CLOSED SOCIETY - "CASTE SYSTEM" IN INDIA. OPEN SOCIETY-INDUSTRIAL. SOCIAL MOBILITY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND CONQUESTS

LUMPEN AND MARGINALS. LUMPEN - FROM GERMAN - "RAGS" VAGs, BEGGARS, HOMELESS. MARGINALS - FROM LAT. “THOSE LOCATED ON THE EDGE” – GROUPS OCCUPYING AN INTERMEDIATE POSITION BETWEEN STABLE COMMUNITIES. BOTH THE LUMPEN AND THE MARGINAL PEOPLE STRIVE FOR A “STRONG ARM” REGIME AT THE SAME TIME, PEOPLE FROM THE MARGINAL PARTY ARE SUCCESSFUL AND ENTREPRENEURIAL.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RELATIONS. SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES. IN THE DEVELOPED WESTERN COUNTRIES THE GROWTH OF A NEW MIDDLE CLASS. WHICH PROMOTES STABILITY. REDUCTION OF THE WORKING CLASS AND INCREASE IN THE SERVICE SECTOR. “FUNCTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT. GOVERNMENT REGULATION. LITERATURE USED 1. SOCIAL STUDIES: TEXTBOOK FOR 11TH GRADE OF GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: PROFILE LEVEL /(L.N. BOGOLYUBOV, A.YU LAZEBNIKOVA, A.T. KINKULKIN, ETC.); EDITED BY L.N. BOGOLYUBOV (ET AL.) - M.: ENLIGHTENMENT, TITLE SLIDE. - KAGAYA. hoshiuavi. com/

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL RELATIONS

Beisembinova Svetlana Danilovna

Teacher of the Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Jazator Secondary School named after. M.I.Bersimbaeva"

S. Dzhazator, Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE

NOT ONLY IN PERSONAL CAPACITIES, BUT ALSO BY BELONGING TO A GROUP.

SOCIAL

(DOCTORS, WIPERERS, ETC.)

THE DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO GROUPS IS CALLED SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATION (DIFFERENCE)

Social stratification- a sociological concept denoting: the structure of society and its individual layers; system of signs social differentiation; branch of sociology.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

PRIMITIVE SOCIETY.

SEPARATION OF GROUPS WITH PRIVILEGES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

( LEADER - RELATIVES,

OUTSTANDINGS )

NEXT STEPS-

INCREASING SOCIAL stratification.

THE DIFFERENCE OF GROUPS IS NOT ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS, BUT ALSO IN

ACCESS TO ECONOMIC RESOURCES OF SOCIETY; POLITICAL AUTHORITY,

EDUCATION AND OTHER SOCIAL GOODS.

DEPENDING ON THE POSSESSION OF RESOURCES AND BENEFITS, PEOPLE ARE ARRANGED ALONG THE SCALE OF INEQUALITY.

POSITION ON THIS SCALE—STRATE (LAYER)—A SUMMARY OF SOCIAL STRATS LOCATED VERTICALLY—SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

THE TERM STRATIFICATION IS BORROWED BY SOCIOLOGISTS IN GEOLOGY

BUT CRITICS OF THIS POINT OF VIEW BELIEVE THAT THE SPECIFICITY OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IS THAT IT REFLECTS THE PRINCIPLE OF INEQUALITY.

DIFFERENT ESTIMATES OF INEQUALITY

1. UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH BETWEEN PEOPLE - RESULT

AN UNFAIR SOCIAL ORDER—LEADS TO INCREASED CONFLICTS IN SOCIETY. A layer of idle people appears

2.INEQUALITY STIMULATES COMPETITION AND INCREASES THE DESIRE OF CAPABLE PEOPLE TO PROMOTE TO KEY POSTS IN SOCIETY

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION: ITS TYPES.

ECONOMIC- DIFFERENCES IN INCOME LEVEL, LIVING STANDARD, EXISTENCE OF THE RICH AND POOR.

POLITICAL STRATIFICATION- DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO MANAGERS AND THE MANAGED, POLITICAL LEADERS AND THE MASS

PROFESSIONAL STRATIFICATION– DISTRIBUTION IN SOCIETY OF GROUPS BY TYPE OF THEIR ACTIVITIES

Slavery - an extreme form of inequality, when some individuals are the property of others.
Caste– a group whose members are related by origin or legal status, membership of which is hereditary, the transition from one caste to another is practically impossible. (endogamy)

Estate- a group that has rights and obligations that are fixed by custom or law and are inheritable. Estates were based on land ownership. A characteristic feature of the class is the presence of social symbols and signs: titles, uniforms, orders, ranks.
Classes arise depending on the difference in the economic status of groups of individuals, inequality in ownership and control of economic resources.

Classes or strata?

"layer"

income

education

profession

- ruling class, manager

lazy people, creative intelligence

license, employees, workers

whose class, etc.

- workers

-peasants

-intelligentsia

Classes or strata?

The totality of social

communities

1. land owners,

2.owners of capital,

3.hired workers

Stratification By Marx:

Stratification society By Marx one-dimensional, associated only with classes, since her main reason serves economic situation, and all the rest (rights, privileges, power, influence) fit into the “Procrustean bed” of the economic situation and are combined with it.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO MARX

K. MARX CONSIDERED THE MAIN FORM WITH social STRATIFICATION - PUBLIC CLASS.

IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT - DISTRIBUTION THEORY OF CLASSES - THE MAIN SEPARATOR WAS THE SIZE AND FORM OF INCOME. THREE CLASSES WERE DISTRIBUTED: 1 .FEUDALS. 2. BOURGEOISIE. 3. WORKERS.

K. MARX CREATED A NEW THEORY OF CLASSES BASED ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF OWNERSHIP TO THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION.

CLASS HAVING PROPERTY -

DISPROPERATED CLASS -

BOURGEOISIE.

WORKING CLASS .

ANTAGONISM

PROPERTY IS THE RESULT OF EXPLOITATION AND ITS APPROPRIATION WAS POSSIBLE AS A RESULT OF THE POLITICAL DOMINATION OF THE OWNER CLASS.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO MARX

THUS, ACCORDING TO MARX, OBJECTIVE, FIRST PRIMARY ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINE CLASS STRATIFICATION.

AT THE same time, HE ALSO TOOK THE SUBJECTIVE FACTOR - CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS.

SUBSEQUENTLY, THE IDEA OF CONSIDERING PROPERTY RELATIONS AS THE BASIS FOR DISTINGUISHING SOCIAL CLASSES, SOUNDED IN MARXISM, WAS ACCEPTED BY SOCIOLOGISTS.

BUT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LEAD TO THE CREATION OF NEW THEORIES.

Max Weber's theory of social stratification.

own , or rather the types of its ownership, make it possible for the emergence of economic classes in which they distinguish measures of access to power , the formation of political parties, and prestige creates some of them status groups .

classes exist only in a society with a capitalist system.

Pitirim Sorokin: “The specific hypostases of social stratification are numerous. However, all their diversity can be reduced to !!! three main forms:

1) economic, 2) political and 3) professional stratification. »

M. WEBER, LIKE MARX, DISTRIBUTED CLASSES USED THE CRITERION OF WEALTH –

ACCUMULATED INCOME. BUT HE LINKED THIS INDICATOR TO THE ATTITUDE TO

OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION AND WITH THE MARKET SYSTEM, PARTICULARLY WITH THE LABOR MARKET.

PEOPLE WHO DO NOT POSSESS PROPERTY CAN OBTAIN IT USING KNOWLEDGE AND QUALIFICATIONS - TAKE USE OF LIFE CHANCE.

IN ADDITION TO CLASSES, WEBER IDENTIFIES STATUS GROUPS -

ESTATES, BUREAUCRACY, CASTES

ALLOCATION CRITERIA GROUP:

TERRITORY, NATIONALITY, RELIGION, PROFESSION.

THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC AND CRITERIA FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION IS

PRESTIGE IS THE ASSESSMENT OF THEIR SOCIAL POSITION BY PUBLIC OPINION.

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION ACCORDING TO WEBER

IF CLASSES DIFFER IN LIFE CHANCES, THEN STATUS GROUPS DIFFER IN STYLE (WAY OF LIFE). CLASS AND STATUS POSITIONS DO NOT ALWAYS COINCIDE - (ARISTOCRACY)

WEBER IDENTIFIED ANOTHER TYPE OF STRATIFICATION, BASED ON POWER

GROUPS INFLUENCING POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING (ELITE) AND THESE DEEP OF IT

WEBER'S APPROACH TO STRATIFICATION IS BASED ON THREE MAIN CRITERIA:

1. PROPERTY 2 PRESTIGE 3. POWER.

THERE ARE RESEARCHERS WHO BELIEV THAT MARX'S THEORY HAS ADVANTAGES OVER WEBER'S. - P.15- SOURCE.

Social differentiation

division of society into groups occupying different social

position

professional

political

economic

Division

by gender

classes and

activities

Difference

level

life

and income

Political

leaders and

folk

masses

Social differentiation

Makes you strive

towards improvement

social relations

Aggregation– a set of individuals located in the same place at the same time (queue, passengers in transport).
Quasigroup: a) crowd - an internally unorganized set of individuals with spatial proximity, common external stimuli and emotional community; b) audience - a set of individuals associated with the communicator in order to obtain information or emotions (spectators in a cinema, visitors to a lecture hall).
Social group- a set of individuals interacting with each other on the basis of the shared expectations of each group member regarding others, aware of their belonging to a given group and recognized as members of a given group from the point of view of others.

Social mobility.

Employee-

manager

Family-Family,

factory-factory

SOCIAL MOBILITY AND SOCIAL “ELEVATORS”

SOCIAL MOBILITY - TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUP TO OTHERS

HORIZONTAL MOBILITY - TRANSITION TO THE GROUP AT THE SAME LEVEL

VERTICAL MOBILITY - MOVEMENT FROM ONE STAGE TO ANOTHER.

SOCIAL Descent
SOCIAL UPGRADING.

CLOSED SOCIETY - "CASTE SYSTEM" IN INDIA.

OPEN SOCIETY-INDUSTRIAL.

SOCIAL MOBILITY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND CONQUESTS

Social "elevators".

CHURCH

ARMY

SCHOOL

Bishops-

from the people

"demoted"

heretical kings

Cromwell

Washington

Napoleon

University.

Social elevator– a conventional name for a set of factors that have a decisive influence on vertical social mobility.

1) crisis society (revolutions, wars, conquests); 2) normal society (army, church, family, marriage, school, property).
Pitirim Sorokin, studying mobility, in addition to “elevators”, discovered social "filters" hindering individual advancement “to the top”. Social filters : 1) qualifications; 2) quotas; 3) exams; 4) certification; 5) fines; 6) determination of status; 7) ranks; 8) benefits; 9) privileges