Diode marking with colored stripes calculator. Radioelements. Where to start reading diagrams

Resistors, especially low-power ones, are quite small parts; a 0.125W resistor has a length of several millimeters and a diameter of the order of a millimeter. It is difficult to read the digital denomination on such a part, and they are marked with colored stripes.

The calculator allows you to calculate the resistance and resistance tolerance of resistors with color markings in the form of 4 or 5 colored rings. The resistor must be positioned so that the rings are shifted to the left edge or the wide strip is on the left.

The main task of any resistor is to linearly convert current (amps) into voltage (volts), limit the current, weaken the power supply and absorb electricity. Resistors are used in all complex circuits and for the operation of complex semiconductors. Given the small size of the element, it is impossible to apply readable alphabetic or numerical designations, so color marking is used. In this article we will look at what the colored dots and lines mean, their color, and explain how to choose the right resistor.

Input data

First, let's turn to Wikipedia, which gives a clear understanding of what any resistor is. Literally translated from English, the term means resistance. Indeed, the purpose of resistors with constant or variable value– linear conversion of current to voltage, voltage to force, etc.

The marking color, order and encryption of digital codes in resistors are determined by GOST 175-72 in accordance with the requirements of Publication 62 of the International Electrotechnical Commission. According to these standards, rings are used for identification, the color and quantity of which are clearly regulated

The stripes are always offset relative to one pin, and are read as in Arabic writing - from left to right. If the size of the passive element does not allow the beginning to be visually noticeably marked, the width of the first stripe is made approximately 1.5-2 times thicker than the others.

On resistors with a minimum tolerance value (up to 10%), 5 rings are applied, of which:

• 4 – multiplier;
• 5 – maximum permissible deviation.

With a permissible deviation of 10% there are already four bands, where:

• 1, 2, 3 – resistance coefficient, units. Ohm;
• 4 – multiplier.

Resistors with a tolerance of 20% have only 3 bands, where the deviation is also not indicated, but only the first 2 rings are allocated to the resistance coefficient.

The power of a resistor can be determined by its dimensions.

Infrequently, you can also find 6-line markings, where:

• 1, 2, 3 – resistance value, units. Ohm;
• 4 – multiplier;
• 5 – regulatory tolerance;
• 6 - temperature coefficient of change

The last (sixth) band is needed to understand how much the resistance will change if the body of the passive element starts to heat up.

VIDEO: How a resistor works

Why are identification marks needed?

The smallest resistors with a power of 0.125 wt are only 3-4 mm long and 1 mm in diameter. It’s difficult to even read any information on such a miniature, let alone apply it. You can, of course, write the current strength, for example, 4K7, which corresponds to 4700 Ohms, but this information is extremely insufficient.

Color coding of resistors is much more practical due to the following:

• very easy to apply;
• easy to read;
• contains all the required information about the nominal parameters;
• remains intact and visible throughout the entire period of operation.

Also, by counting the number of stripes, you can determine the accuracy of the parameters:

• 3 – error 20%;
• 4 – 5-10%;
• 5-6 – 0-0,9%

In order to find out exactly which resistor is needed and with which strips, you can install it yourself using the table or use the online calculator (at the end of the article).

Universal table:

Using these table values, you can quickly determine the rating of the passive element, and the value is the order of the strip or dot, which allows you to obtain numerical data.

The colors represent different data - the mark number, the multiplier and the permissible deviation.

Using a universal table, we will read what is hidden on a given element. So, we have 4 stripes:

• brown,
• black,
• red,
• silver

Black, gold and white colors are never marked first.

Explanation:

1. The first place is occupied by a brown stripe, which denotes both a digital symbol (1) and a multiplier (10).
2. Black (0) - with this combination, the electrical resistance means 1 kOhm - 1K0.
3. Red – multiplier, equal to 100.
4. Silver - designation of the maximum permissible deviation, which here is 10%. The same data can be obtained by simply counting the number of stripes.

How to “read” wirewound resistors

The same GOST 175-72 and IEC Publication 62 apply to this type of passive elements, respectively, the colors, number of stripes and order are similar to the “barrels”, but there are certain nuances:

• the widest stripe is white, unreadable and only indicates the type of element;
• more than 4 decimal indicators are not applied;
• The last stripe in the row determines the distinctive properties, often fire resistance.

Taking into account these features, it is better to compare the data with a summary table of wire samples.

Foreign products

And although our standards are fully consistent with international ones, and Publication 62 is an imperative standard, some companies have their own striping and color selection rules that must be taken into account:

Philips

It has its own standard of symbols and colors, according to which, along with the nominal values, the resistor conveys information about the production technology and characteristics of the components.

CGW and Panasonic

Use additional colors to indicate additional properties of passive circuit elements.

In general, all markings coincide with the previously given values ​​and tables, only these companies have further simplified the task of identifying the denomination. At the same time, the resistors are interchangeable and neither Philips, nor CGW and Panasonic make any demands regarding the original.

In order to understand exactly what performance characteristics are required and what resistors should be purchased for a specific purpose, use the simple service

By entering the initial data, you can obtain information for each marking color that corresponds to a specific digital code.

VIDEO: Calculation of resistor resistance

– electronic components assembled into analog and digital devices: TVs, measuring instruments, smartphones, computers, laptops, tablets. If previously parts were depicted close to their natural appearance, today conventional graphic symbols of radio components on the diagram, developed and approved by the International Electrotechnical Commission, are used.

Types of Electronic Circuits

Schematic diagrams

• Single-line. This drawing shows only power circuits.
• Full. If the electrical installation is simple, then all its elements can be displayed on one sheet. To describe equipment that contains several circuits (power, measuring, control), drawings are made for each unit and placed on different sheets.

Block diagrams

Assembly

Voltage and resistance maps

How are various radio components indicated in the diagrams?

Resistors

Fixed resistors

Variable resistors

• Consistent. The end lead of one part is connected to the start lead of the other. A common current flows through all elements of the circuit. Connecting each subsequent resistor increases the resistance.
• Parallel. The initial terminals of all resistances are connected at one point, the final terminals at another. Current flows through each resistor. The total resistance in such a circuit is always less than the resistance of an individual resistor.
• Mixed. This is the most popular type of connection of parts, combining the two described above.

Capacitors

• Capacitors with constant capacitance. The letter “C”, the serial number of the part, and the value of the nominal capacity are placed next to the icon.
• With variable capacity. The minimum and maximum capacity values ​​are indicated next to the graphic icon.

Diodes and Zener diodes

Transistors

Microcircuits

Buttons, relays, switches

Letter designation of radio components on the diagram

Letter codes of radioelements on circuit diagrams

Letter codes of the functional purpose of a radio-electronic device or element

Letter abbreviations for radio electronics

click on the picture to enlarge

In practical work related primarily to the repair of electronic equipment, the task arises of determining the type of electronic component, its parameters, location of pins, and deciding on direct replacement or using an analogue. Most existing reference books provide information on individual types of radio components (transistors, diodes, etc.). However, it is not enough, and this reference guide is a necessary addition to such books. The book presented to the reader on the marking of electronic components contains, in contrast to previously published similar publications, a larger volume of information. It provides data on the letter, color and code marking of components, on the code marking of foreign semiconductor devices for surface mounting (SMD), data on the marking of some previously unexplained types of foreign components is provided, recommendations are given on the use and testing of the serviceability of electronic components.

Preface
1. Resistors
1.1. General information
1.2. Designation and marking of resistors
Notation
Marking of domestically produced resistors
Marking of foreign-made resistors
Marking of resistor assemblies
1.3. Technical data and marking of unpackaged SMD resistors
General information
Marking of SMD resistors
1.4. Features of the use and marking of variable resistors
Variable and trimming resistors from BOURNS
1.5. Resistors with special properties
Thermistors
Varistors
2. Capacitors
2.1. General information
2.2. Designation and marking of capacitors
Domestic designation system
Capacitor markings
Coded digital marking
Color coding
2.3. Features of marking of some types of SMD capacitors
Ceramic 5ME capacitors
Oxide SMD capacitors
Tantalum SMD capacitors
Marking of TRES electrolytic capacitors
Capacitors from HITANO
Tips for practical application
2.4. Trimmer capacitors from foreign companies
2.5. Other types of capacitors
3. Inductors
3.1. General information
3.2. Inductor markings
Surface Mount Inductor Markings
3.3. Chokes series D, DM, DP, DPM
4. Marking of quartz resonators and piezofilters
4.1. Marking of resonators and filters of domestic production
4.2. Features of marking resonators and filters of foreign production...
4.3. Features of marking filters produced by Murata
5. Marking of semiconductor devices
5.1. Domestic and foreign labeling systems
semiconductor devices
Marking R-MOS transistors Harris (Intersil)
Marking IGBT transistors Harris (Intersil)
International Rectifier transistor markings
Marking of semiconductor devices from Mo1o1a
5.2. General purpose diodes
Housing types and diode pin locations
Color marking of domestic diodes
Color marking of foreign diodes
Color marking of domestic zener diodes and stabilizers
Color marking of domestic varicaps
Alphanumeric code marking of foreign SMD diodes
production
Color marking of SMD diodes in SOD-80, DO-213АА, DO-213АВ packages
Photodiodes
Transistors
Features of code and color marking of domestic transistors
6. Marking of semiconductor SMD radio components
6.1. Identification of SMD components by markings
6.2. Types of SMD transistor packages
6.3. How to use the system
Equivalents and additional information
7. Features of testing electronic components
7.1. Capacitor testing
7.2. Semiconductor Diode Testing
7.3. Transistor testing
7.4. Testing of unijunction and programmable unijunction
transistors
7.5. Testing of dinistors, thyristors, triacs
7.6. Determination of the structure and location of transistor pins,
the type of which is unknown
7.7. Testing MOSFETs
7.8. LED testing
7.9. Optocoupler testing
7.10. Thermistor testing
7.11. Zener diode testing
7.12. Transistor pin locations
Appendix 1. Brief reference data on foreign diodes
Appendix 2. Brief reference data on foreign transistors
Appendix 3. Types of microwave transistor housings

The resistor in the diagram is designated by the Latin letter "R", the number is a conventional serial number according to the diagram. The resistor rectangle can indicate the rated power of the resistor - the power that it can dissipate for a long time without destruction. When current passes through the resistor, a certain power is dissipated, which leads to heating of the latter. Most foreign and modern domestic resistors are marked with colored stripes. Below is a table of color codes.

The most common designation system for semiconductor radio components is European. The main designation according to this system consists of five characters. Two letters and three numbers - for wide application. Three letters and two numbers - for special equipment. The letter following them indicates different parameters for devices of the same type.

The first letter is the material code:

A - germanium;
B - silicon;
C - gallium arsenide;
R - cadmium sulfide.

The second letter is the purpose:

A - low-power diode;
B - varicap;
C - low-power low-frequency transistor;
D - powerful low-frequency transistor;
E - tunnel diode;
F - low-power high-frequency transistor;
G - several devices in one housing;
N - magnetodiode;
L - powerful high-frequency transistor;
M - Hall sensor;
P - photodiode, phototransistor;
Q - LED;
R - low-power regulating or switching device;
S - low-power switching transistor;
T - powerful regulating or switching device;
U - powerful switching transistor;
X - multiplying diode;
Y - powerful rectifier diode;
Z - zener diode.

Has the following functionality:

Supported definition:

Resistors
Capacitors
Transistors
Diodes
Zener diodes
Varicaps
Inductance
Chip components

Characteristics output:

the program has its own database of characteristics, and after determining the type of element (transistor, diode...) its characteristics are displayed.

Directory:

if you know the type of element, you can call up the directory and, by switching through the element database (transistor, diode...), find the element you are interested in and view its characteristics.

In addition, the directory can work both in the mode of displaying the overall dimensions of housings (for example, TO-220 ...) and in the mode of displaying functional diagrams (chip database).

Reference system:

the program is equipped with its own help system, which contains a description of the program, radio elements, training examples, etc.

Visual set:

To make it easier to determine the type/value of an element, a visual set has been implemented, i.e. The required sign/color is drawn/painted on the sample.

Additional features:

The program is equipped with removable toolbars (for each type of element, only its labels remain, which does not clutter the interface and allows you to quickly navigate the program)
- there is a “Calculator” module containing a series of electrical calculations;
- if you are a developer, use the "Merge databases" module;

Platform: Windows 7, Vista, XP
Interface language: Russian, English
Medicine: Not required
Size: 12.82 MB

Download Color and Code 6.8 (Portable)