For a true car enthusiast, rims are not only a necessary attribute of the chassis of any vehicle, but also the main element in giving exclusivity. However, there is one nuance here that is directly related to one parameter - disk offset. Experienced drivers know very well what they are talking about, which cannot be said about many beginners. But the safety of car operation depends on this characteristic. This article will discuss what ET disk flare is.

Disc offset detection

This parameter directly affects the driving performance of any car, regardless of the manufacturer. There are drivers who get confused this characteristic with the width of the disk. Overhang refers to the distance between two planes:

plane of symmetry of the disk;
mating area (the plane that comes into contact with the wheel hub).

The width of the vehicle's wheelbase depends on the magnitude of this difference. Departure is indicated by the following markings: Deport, OffsET and ET, with the last two letters being used most often. Actually, this is an abbreviation for two German words Einpress Tief, which translates as “indentation depth”. Experts recommend not to exceed the standard value of the parameter, otherwise it may negatively affect driving. We will talk in more detail about what ET disk offset is and why it is important to observe it a little later, but for now we will get acquainted with the types of offset.

Departure types

There are a huge number of cars all over the world, and therefore wheel manufacturers have something to offer potential buyers. There is a wide range of wheels on the automotive market, which differ not only in appearance and size, but also in offset. And it can be of three types:

Negative - the mating plane is shifted forward relative to it, that is, it protrudes outward.
Zero - both the mating plane and the axis of symmetry are on the same line.
Positive - here the mating plane is already shifted forward relative to the central symmetrical axis.

Disc markings can be different: ET -10 - negative offset, ET 0 - zero offset, ET 47 - positive disc offset. For example, it may look like this in full: 7.5J x 15H25 x 100ET40d54.1. In this example, the departure designation is ET40. Determining the type of departure visually is not difficult. If it is negative, the disc hub will be pressed inward. With a positive offset, as you might guess, the hub, on the contrary, will protrude outward. With a zero parameter it is already clear - the hub is located exactly in the middle of the disk.

Parameter calculation

A is the distance from the mating plane to the axis of symmetry.
B is the overall width of the disk.

If for some reason there is no marking on the disk, then you can measure the offset value yourself. To do this you should prepare:

You need a rail with a length equal to the diameter of the disk.
You can’t do without a measuring tool (tape measure or ruler).
You will need a jack to remove the wheel. You cannot unscrew the nuts without a wheel wrench.
Tackles will also come in handy.

How to measure the offset of the ET disk? First you need to measure the value of the rear indentation. The wheel is placed face down and a rack is placed on the inside of the rim, with its ends positioned on the rim and not on the tire. The distance from the mating plane to the bottom edge of the rail is measured. Now you can proceed to measuring the frontal indentation, for which the wheels are turned with the front part up. The rail is placed in a similar way: the edges are on the rim, not on the spokes. The measurement is the same - from the mating plane to the edge of the rail.

When the measurements are completed, you can proceed to the calculation using the formula (in millimeters): ET = (A + B) / 2 - B, where

A - rear indentation;
B - frontal indentation.

For example, A = 153 mm, B = 53 mm, then ET = (153 + 53) / 2 - 53 = 50 mm.

To understand what ET 46 disc offset is, you need to understand how many people work on one car. As you know, each model is created through the efforts of several specialists: engineers, designers and others. And not only appearance is important here, because the driver who will operate the vehicle must be confident in his safety. In this regard, the car suspension is far from the last place. Each machine is individual, almost like a person - no two people are absolutely alike. For this reason, the manufacturer sets an individual offset value for each model, deviations from which are unacceptable.

Violation of the ET disc ejection tolerance inevitably leads to consequences of varying severity. In the best case, what can happen is that the service life of suspension components and parts will be reduced, and the tires will wear unevenly and quickly. At worst, the entire suspension will begin to rapidly collapse.

Responsible node

The suspension system of any vehicle is one of the most critical components in the car. Designers do their calculations for a reason regarding the loads that the suspension absorbs. As noted above, they are strictly individual for each model, and for this reason, any adjustment will only be destructive - the wheelbase decreases or increases. Neither one nor the other is good for the car.

To understand what ET disk failure means, it is worth giving the following arguments. The entire mass of the vehicle is distributed evenly between all wheels. In this case, a force directed from the surface acts on each wheel, in the place where it is connected to the road surface, which is called the contact patch. But it doesn’t end with the wheel, the load then acts on the wheel bearing, then is transferred to the shock absorber strut, and then to the lever and tie rod ends. When the wheel axle is shifted even by the smallest distance in any direction, the load on the bearing will increase. The steering axis also changes its position, which does not have the best effect on the car's handling.

What else is the risk?

Almost all modern cars are equipped with Changing the disc offset value in any direction leads to the fact that the car's electronic control unit operates with inaccurate data received from the sensors. As a result, the entire system begins to malfunction, which leads to incorrect calculations of fuel consumption; the automatic transmission begins to malfunction during gear shifts. This is what ET disk failure means!

In addition, the torque is distributed incorrectly, the ignition timing changes its value. Other problems may also be present. In a word, all this is not good for the car.

Drivers' needs

What is the need for changing the standard disk offset parameter? This is largely due to the banal need of car owners. This act is dictated by a disdainful attitude towards safety, but there is a great desire to improve one’s status through visual improvement of the car. Installation of fashionable wheels, which, although they do not correspond to the standard offset, look very cool and cause delight from others.

In addition, many people intend to expand the wheelbase of the car in this way, which gives it a more sporty look. The situation is made worse by some sellers. They may know what ET disk offset is, but to please themselves they prefer not to strictly follow the manufacturers' recommendations. As a result, they persuade car enthusiasts to make a purchase, but whether it fully matches the car or not is no longer important.

The main thing is that the disc will be purchased. Usually, when installing disks with an inappropriate offset, no problems arise. However, this is not yet a reason to think that the operation of the car is completely safe. And some kind of trouble can still happen.

Way out

Is it really now impossible to buy the wheels you like for your car, whose offset does not meet the standards? Fortunately, everything is not so bad and there is a way out of this situation. It involves using wheel spacers. Thanks to this engineering solution, it is possible to reduce the overhang by moving the wheels outward. Also, using such parts, you can install those disks for which the location of the fastening elements relative to the hub does not coincide.

With such details, you don't have to worry about what ET disc offset is. By appearance metal spacers resemble pancakes. They are installed between the disk and the hub, due to which the offset value changes. Such details make the choice much easier for drivers. But situations are different. For example, all parameters correspond to the norm (width, diameter, centering hole, and the number of mounting holes coincides with the hub ones), but the offset is different. In this case, spacers come to the rescue; you just need to select the desired thickness of the pancakes.

Finally

Some domestic drivers, despite cautionary warnings, still change the departure values, hoping for the Russian “maybe”. This approach is very risky, because we are talking about personal safety, and losing control of the car puts other road users at risk. And this is extremely undesirable.

An interesting parallel to draw when it comes to walking out is wearing high heels. On the one hand, it looks amazing, but on the other hand, there is a certain risk. Caution and accurate calculation are required here - the formula for calculating the offset of the ET disk has already been given above. Then you can find a compromise solution that will only benefit you, without jeopardizing your own life and everyone else.

Vasilich, a famous fisherman and hunter, bought himself a Niva. The season of ducks and crucian carp is over, but we need to travel around the city. Vasilich didn’t like driving around the city in the toothy VLI-5. He looked and looked at other “nivovods” and installed “Volga” wheels for himself. “And the car looks more solid and drives more stable, and there’s more choice of tires,” he said. But Vasilich was not happy for long - after 1000 kilometers the front wheel bearings were requested to be replaced, a week later he changed the rear ones, and a month later something began to rumble in the suspension. Vasilich was upset, but he didn’t understand what was going on. But the neighbor turned out to be meticulous and found out the reason for the crop grower’s grief. The issue turned out to be an abnormal departure of the Volga wheels.

What is wheel offset?

Wheel offset (ET) is the distance from the imaginary center of the rim to the mating plane, i.e. to the plane that contacts the hub. The offset is calculated using the simple formula ET=a-b/2, where b is the total width .

What kind of departure is there?

The offset can be positive, zero and negative. A positive offset indicates that the center of the wheel is BEHIND the mating plane, a negative offset indicates that it is AHEAD, and ZERO indicates that they coincide. Reach parameters are strictly regulated by the manufacturer and are strictly linked to the suspension kinematics. When it changes, the loads change sharply. For example, it is believed that when the offset is reduced by 50 mm, the load on the suspension increases by 1.5 times. Simply put, the wheel begins to act as a lever, which is especially pronounced in turns when dynamic loads increase. This is due to the fact that the “turning line – wheel center” relationship established by the manufacturer is violated, resulting in a negative or positive rolling shoulder. Its effect is that an additional moment arises, which must be compensated by the steering wheel. The result is heavy steering and unpredictability in corners. And of course, wear and tear on the suspension. This is exactly what Vasilich faced.

Within what limits can you safely change the offset?

The general rule that applies to all cases is to follow the manufacturer's recommendations. This is all the more important because changing the wheel offset may result in the car being removed from warranty. The “popular” rule is simpler - plus or minus 5 mm. But even this can be excessive for modern cars! Very often, even a few millimeters that are invisible at first glance are enough for the wheel to start touching the suspension elements (when the offset changes in a positive direction) or the body (when the offset changes in a negative direction). Therefore, it is better to trust the recommendations of the factory. Note that very often, for different disk sizes, the manufacturer recommends different meanings departure. For example, Maksimych would be suitable for orienteering in a car (with the standard ET of the Niva wheels being 58 mm) with rim sizes of 5jx15 with an offset of 45 mm or 6jx15 with an offset of 35 mm. Note that the “Volga” wheels have ET = 0.

Disc offset, or as it is commonly referred to as ET, is one of its most important parameters, showing the distance between the area where the wheel rim is adjacent to the hub and its vertical plane, which is responsible for symmetry. Thanks to this parameter, the car enthusiast can immediately understand whether the wheel will fit on his iron horse or not. But we will try to look at the example of disk offset 40 and 45 (what is the difference, possible deviations, etc.) in the article below.

How to calculate the indicator using the formula?

As mentioned earlier, by the ET indicator you can determine whether the selected “sneakers” will fit on the car or not. And this procedure is carried out according to the following formula: ET=A-B\2, where:

A – the distance from the inner surface of the wheel rim to the area of its contact with the hub (indicated in mm);
B – rim width.

The result can have three parameters: good, zero and bad. With the first result, there will be a small gap between the area where the wheel touches and the hubs themselves, which means that such a wheel will be ideal for this vehicle.

If the calculation according to the formula showed a zero result, then, in principle, such “sneakers” can also be installed on a car. But, in this case, the above-mentioned clearance between it and the hubs will not be observed, which will significantly increase the load from the impacts received (if the wheel falls into a hole, or hits an uneven surface). But with a negative projection, the wheel cannot even be installed on the car, since the hubs simply will not allow it to fit under the wheel arch.

Permissible deviations

We have already looked at what a protrusion is and how it is calculated. And before moving on to the question of what is the difference between the ribs ET 40 and ET 45, let's consider in advance the permissible deviations of this indicator in the table below:

Secondly, the vehicle will have visual differences. Namely: when installing the ET 40 rim, the wheels will practically not stick out from under the arches of the car, while the ET 45 will make them stick out as much as 5 mm, which will be visually very noticeable. But, unfortunately, it will not be possible to unanimously assert that such a change will be negative. After all, some car enthusiasts specifically choose wheels with a large protrusion (within the permitted limits) so that the wheelbase of the car appears wider. Otherwise, there will be no difference between disc offset 40 and 45. This means that you can safely install both options on your machine without fear of any consequences.

Expert opinion

Despite the fact that a 5 mm deviation of the protrusion is not considered significant, car manufacturers persistently do not recommend that motorists install such “sneakers” on their iron horse. And they argue this by saying that with a changed rim offset (different from that recommended by the manufacturer), the technical and dynamic qualities of the vehicle change significantly. Well, in addition to this negative phenomenon there is also a reduced service life of the part, which does not correspond to the warranty.

But sellers have a completely opposite opinion on this matter. And they explain it by saying that it is very difficult to select a specific disc with an offset. But given acceptable deviations, the range of shoes for cars increases significantly, which benefits both buyers and sellers. Well, you can decide for yourself which ledge is suitable for your iron horse, based on the information provided above.

What do wheel rim parameters mean? Et40 what is it

Et40 what is it. How to choose the optimal disc offset for your car

Wheel offset (ET), everything you need to know about wheel offset

Disc offset is actually one of its most important geometric parameters. The reason for this importance is that if the disk does not match the diameter, number of bolt holes or the distance between them, you most likely simply will not be able to install such a disk on the hub, but a disk with an offset that does not correspond to the standard one (if the deviation is small) in most cases without problems appear on the hub and seem to perform its functions normally. How much can you trust this “seemingly”?

At various auto forums, motorists often argue about “how much and in what direction the disc offset may differ from the standard one,” and diametrically opposed opinions are often expressed.

A sales consultant in a specialized tire store will most likely tell you that a slight deviation in offset from the car manufacturer’s requirements is quite acceptable, and if the wheel assembly fits normally on the hub and when rotating does not cling to suspension and body parts, such a disc is definitely can be installed on a car. The seller of wheel spacers will generally tell you that reducing the disc offset is not a problem at all, regardless of the specific parameters. And this is understandable - their goal is to sell you wheels, wheel spacers and other goods. Your goal is to buy what exactly suits you.

And in fact? Let's look at everything in order and slowly.

What is disc ejection?

Disc offset is the distance between the vertical plane of symmetry of the wheel and the plane of application of the disc to the hub in millimeters. The formula for calculating disk overhang is extremely simple:

ET=a-b/2, where

a – distance between the inner plane of the disk and the plane of application of the disk to the hub

b – total width of the disk

Based on the calculation formula, it is easy to see that the disc offset can be positive (most often), zero and negative. In addition, the offset of the disks actually directly affects the width of the wheelbase, since the distance between the centers of symmetry (across the width) of the wheels on the same axle directly depends on this parameter.

In addition, again from the calculation formula, we can conclude that the disc offset is not affected by either the width of the disc (and, accordingly, the tires) or the diameter of the disc. To determine the design loads on the suspension, it is only the arm of application of force that is important, i.e. distance from the center of the tire (width) to the hub. Thus, regardless of the size of tires and wheels, the estimated offset required by the automaker for one car model will always be the same.

In the coding, which is applied to the inner surface of the disk, the offset is designated as ETxx, where xx is the actual value of the offset in millimeters. For example: ET45 (positive), ET0 (zero), ET-15 (negative)

Are disk offset deviations acceptable?

For the lazy and busy: the disc offset must exactly correspond to the requirements of the car manufacturer and no deviation in any direction can be considered acceptable. By changing the disc offset (not even a “minor” 5 mm), you also change the essential operating conditions of all suspension units, creating forces (and vectors of their application) for which your suspension is not designed. The simplest consequence is that the service life of the suspension elements is reduced, but under conditions of critical loads the consequences can be much worse, up to sudden destruction while driving. If you want to know why, read on.

Why do sellers say otherwise? The answer is simple - simply because there are a lot of disc offset options, and specifically for “your” offset it is quite difficult for them to select wheels that are suitable for your car in other respects. Those. neglecting the accuracy of offset matching significantly expands the range of wheels that can be offered to you, which significantly increases the chances of selling you something.

Why are different parts made for different car models?

To begin with, you need to understand that during the development of the suspension of each individual car, designers calculate a great many parameters, depending on which the requirements for individual suspension elements are determined, among other things.

Have you ever encountered, for example, a situation where for two identical cars (model, make), differing only in the engine, the manufacturer makes different suspension parts - ball joints, tie rod ends, levers, as well as all the silent blocks that are present in places connections of these nodes? Why do you think this happens?

It's very simple: because different motors have different weight, accordingly, when it changes, the force and (possibly) the vector of application of force acting on individual suspension units changes. Accordingly, the design is also changing, which should ensure maximum reliability of the unit while maintaining controllability and comfort, and (which is also important) minimum costs for production.

And it should be noted that if previously most automakers made a fairly large margin of safety in the main components of the car (including the suspension), then Lately There is a tendency towards more accurate design calculations and a reduction in the cost of the car precisely by reducing this safety margin. And this trend, alas, significantly reduces any possibilities for “garage” tuning, both suspension and engines.

What forces act on the suspension parts?

If you decompose the suspension of a modern car according to the forces that act on its individual elements, you will get a multi-volume publication that is beyond the ability of an ordinary car enthusiast to understand. Therefore, for clarity, we will consider a simplified version of the MacPherson independent suspension system, where the hub is attached to the body by one wishbone and a strut with a shock absorber.

According to Newton's Third Law (the action force is equal to the reaction force), the total mass of the car is distributed between its four wheels, while the force acting on each wheel is directed from the surface on which the car is standing (or moving). The point of application of this force is the center of the contact patch between the tire and the road surface. If we assume that the car’s suspension is in good working order, the wheels are balanced and the wheel alignment angles correspond to the norm, then this center of the contact patch area will be located on the axis of symmetry of the wheel along its width. The axis of the shock absorber strut, on which the tie rod mounts (tips) are located, should also go down there.

Thus, a force equal to the fraction of the car’s mass falling on any of its wheels is directed from the ground and the point of application of this force is the center of symmetry of the wheel width. Given the suspension design, this force creates moments on the wheel bearing, arm (tension) and strut with shock absorber (compression).

And the designer who develops the suspension components of a car carefully calculates all these points, taking into account in the development, in particular, the hub, lever, shock absorber strut, ball joint, tie rod ends, etc. A safety margin is certainly included, but, as a rule, this margin tends to decrease, since its increase leads to an increase in the cost of the suspension as a whole.

What happens when the calculated disc offset changes?

The figure above clearly shows that the only thing that is actually affected by offset is the location of the central axis of the disk (wheel) relative to the hub. As the offset increases, the wheel will “sit” deeper on the hub, narrowing the wheelbase. Reducing the offset, accordingly, expands the wheelbase and “brings” the wheel outward.

The main thing that a car enthusiast needs to understand is that in both cases, displacement of the central axis of the disk inevitably shifts the steering axis, while changing the steering wheel turning parameters provided by the designer (this affects both the handling of the car as a whole and tire wear in corners), and changes the moments of forces themselves acting on the suspension, as well as the vectors of their application. All this together causes the suspension to work in a mode not intended by the automaker, and therefore its service life and driving safety (especially in ex

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What do wheel rim parameters mean? ― Thomason Russia

You can find markings on almost every car wheel. If one is found, then, having familiarized yourself with symbols Below, you can easily understand all the information you need related to this product, which will allow you to determine the degree of its compliance with your car.

However, before you start selecting car rims yourself, we recommend that you look at the owner’s manual for your car. Here you will find the parameters required and recommended by the manufacturer of your vehicle. It should be remembered that automakers calculate suspension elements, braking systems, wheel fastenings, etc. for certain types rims.

Another way to find out the necessary indexes is to read the markings from the disks currently installed on your car.

Decoding the markings of wheels for cars

Let's look at the markings car disk using the following entry as an example:

6.5 J x 15 h3 5x100 ET45 d54.1

6.5 (rim width) – rim width A, measured in inches.

15 (rim diameter) – wheel rim diameter B, measured in inches. This value is determined without taking into account the height of the rim edges.

J (flange) – designation of the flange profile of the F rim. J is the most common type. Also for passenger car rims there are the following types: JJ, JK, K, B, D, P.

h3 (hump) – ring protrusions H on the rim seat. Humps are designed to reliably fix the beads of tubeless tires during lateral impacts, such as when cornering, preventing the outflow of air. The h3 index means that such protrusions are present on both sides of the rim (in contrast to the H index, which indicates the presence of a hump on only one side).

d54.1 (hub diameter) – the diameter of the central hole D for the wheel hub (DIA), which is measured from the side of the mating plane. DIA is one of the most important indicators determining compliance wheel rim car. Exact matching of the diameters of the landing cylinder and the disc hole ensures absolute centering of the wheel. If these diameters do not coincide, then final centering is ensured by means of conical or spherical shapes at the mounting bolts/nuts and the corresponding holes of the auto disk. Also in this situation, centering rings are used.

As a rule, an accurate fit is ensured when installing original car manufacturer rims. Most third-party wheel rims are equipped with sealing centering rings. This is due to factors such as the relative unification of disks and the reduction in the cost of their production - it is significantly cheaper to supply products with centering rings than to produce products that differ only in the diameter of the central hole in fractions of a millimeter.

Location of mounting holes

5x100 – number N of holes for mounting bolts/nuts (5) and diameter C of their location (100mm). The diameter of the circle around which the holes are placed is called PCD (Pitch Circle Diameter).

Depending on the number of mounting holes, different coefficients are used to calculate the PCD parameter from the known distance between holes (see figure below).

The fastening holes may have a decent tolerance in diameter, but the bolt fits unambiguously and absolutely in the center due to conical guides. Therefore, the minimal discrepancy between the centers of the holes at the disk and the hub means that a tight fit is ensured by only one bolt - the rest, most likely, will be tightened skewed, excluding correct centralization. Thus, when the wheel rotates, we will have runout - this time, and the second - an additional “rotating” load on the bolts or nuts.

IMPORTANT!

Installation of car wheels with a PCD other than the nominal one is prohibited!

What could lead to a deviation of this parameter from the specified one? A delta of a couple of millimeters, which is not noticeable to the eye and does not seem to affect driving performance, can cause the disc mounting bolts to loosen from the hubs while driving.

If you have any doubts or difficulties when selecting a wheel for your car, in order to avoid any incidents, it is better to entrust this task to a consultant in our online store.

ET45 (Einpress Tief, German; offset, English) – disk offset E: the distance between the wheel disk mounting plane and the rim symmetry plane, mm. For each vehicle, this parameter is set by the manufacturer.

As the ET value decreases along the numerical coordinate axis, the wheels begin to protrude to the sides beyond the car body - the track becomes wider. Increasing the offset leads to a narrowing of the track. Typically, the delta allowed by the manufacturer is about ½ cm.

The ET parameter is optional and may not be included in the disc labeling.

IMPORTANT!

By adhering to the recommended values, you ensure a safe position of the wheel in the wheel arch and optimal load on the suspension and steering mechanism.

Increasing the disc offset is unacceptable - this can lead to mechanical contact between the disc and the brake system elements. Reducing the offset, although it allows you to achieve slightly greater stability of the car, as well as the dubious pleasure of “hanging out nicely,” but entails an increase in the shoulder and, as a result, overloading the mechanics of the hub and suspension.

Install wheels with offsets other than those recommended at your own risk!

X-factor is a very arbitrary X indicator that determines the distance between the wheel rim mounting plane and its rear surface. This space itself allows you to install discs on cars in which elements of the brake system protrude beyond the mating plane.

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ET40 is... What is ET40?

ET40 is a two-section DC electric freight locomotive built in Czechoslovakia at the Skoda plant in Pilsen specifically for export to the People's Republic of Poland to the Polish State Railways (PKP).

In Poland, these electric locomotives were operated with coal routes on the Coal Main Line (Polish: Magistrala węglowa) between the coal deposits in Upper Silesia and the port city of Gdynia.

In the 1960s and 1970s, rail transport in Poland increased. Their growth was especially large along the line connecting the Upper Silesian coal basin and ports on the Baltic Sea. In the early 1970s, the main railway line leading in this direction - the coal main line - was electrified to DC(3 kV). To service the electrified line, relatively powerful electric freight locomotives capable of hauling heavy freight trains were required.

After negotiations, an order for a batch of 60 such locomotives was placed in Czechoslovakia at the Skoda plant. Their design was based on the design of the EU05 electric locomotive, which was supplied to the socialist countries as a passenger locomotive (in the USSR this electric locomotive was designated the ChS3 series).

The electric locomotive was combined into two sections, the second cabins were eliminated, and other changes were made to the design. The factory designation of this series of electric locomotives is 77E1 (30 units manufactured in 1975) and 77E2 (30 units manufactured in 1978).

Since 2007, ET40 electric locomotives have been transferred to the Bydgoszcz locomotive depot, but several machines have been in operation on the Wroclaw - Jelenia Góra line since 2000, replacing outdated ET21 electric locomotives there.

The main differences between the ET40 electric locomotive and its predecessor are related to changes in the control circuits, power circuit, traction drive and cooling system. Each section of the locomotive has a driver's cabin at one end and a vestibule for passage to the adjacent section at the other end.

Under each section there are two two-axle trolleys. All wheel sets of the electric locomotive have an individual traction drive through a cardan shaft. The gear ratio is 84:27. Traction motors 7AL-484ZT with a continuous power of 510 kW are suspended on a trolley.

Entrance to the electric locomotive is carried out directly through the driver’s cabin, both from the left and from the right side. The driver's cabins are heated with electric heaters. The cabins have household refrigerators for storing food. The window wipers are electrically driven. On the rear wall of the driver's cabin there is a wardrobe for the outerwear of members of the locomotive crew, as well as a door that provides access to the terminal strips. There are two doors leading from the driver's cabin - one into the passage corridor, the second goes directly into the high-voltage chamber.

The total length of the electric locomotive is 34420 mm, the diameter of the wheel sets with moderately worn tires is 1250 mm.

The electric locomotive is equipped with electro-pneumatic additional loaders for the front wheelsets in the direction of travel.

Braking system - automatic Oerlikon brake and direct acting.

Electric locomotives from 01 to 30 had one current collector per section, and from 31 to 60 two.

Traction motors on the series connection had a terminal voltage of 1500 volts. The engines of one cart are cooled by one fan motor. Each section has one short-term-repeated air compressor with a capacity of 140 cubic meters per hour.

Polish railway workers nicknamed the electric locomotive “Bombovoz” or “Bomb”.

What is ET disk offset: features, parameters and calculation. Discs: offset explained What is disc offset for 40 years

Disc offset detection

Departure types

Parameter calculation

Responsible node

What else is the risk?

Drivers' needs

Way out

Finally

How to calculate the indicator using the formula?

Permissible deviations

Expert opinion

What do wheel rim parameters mean? Et40 what is it

Et40 what is it. How to choose the optimal disc offset for your car

Wheel offset (ET), everything you need to know about wheel offset

What is disc ejection?

Are disk offset deviations acceptable?

Why are different parts made for different car models?

What forces act on the suspension parts?

What happens when the calculated disc offset changes?

What do wheel rim parameters mean? ― Thomason Russia

Decoding the markings of wheels for cars

6.5 J x 15 h3 5x100 ET45 d54.1

Location of mounting holes

IMPORTANT!

Installation of car wheels with a PCD other than the nominal one is prohibited!

What could lead to a deviation of this parameter from the specified one? A delta of a couple of millimeters, which is not noticeable to the eye and does not seem to affect driving performance, can cause the disc mounting bolts to loosen from the hubs while driving.

If you have any doubts or difficulties when selecting a wheel for your car, in order to avoid any incidents, it is better to entrust this task to a consultant in our online store.

IMPORTANT!

By adhering to the recommended values, you ensure a safe position of the wheel in the wheel arch and optimal load on the suspension and steering mechanism.

Install wheels with offsets other than those recommended at your own risk!

ET40 is... What is ET40?